Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, USA; email:
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2021 Jan 6;61:47-63. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030220-013418.
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid and one of the few metals that can be metabolized inside the human body. The pervasive presence of arsenic in nature and anthropogenic sources from agricultural and medical use have perpetuated human exposure to this toxic and carcinogenic element. Highly exposed individuals are susceptible to various illnesses, including skin disorders; cognitive impairment; and cancers of the lung, liver, and kidneys. In fact, across the globe, approximately 200 million people are exposed to potentially toxic levels of arsenic, which has prompted substantial research and mitigation efforts to combat this extensive public health issue. This review provides an up-to-date look at arsenic-related challenges facing the global community, including current sources of arsenic, global disease burden, arsenic resistance, and shortcomings of ongoing mitigation measures, and discusses potential next steps.
砷是一种天然存在的类金属，也是少数几种可以在人体内代谢的金属之一。砷在自然界中的普遍存在以及农业和医疗用途等人为来源使得人类不断接触这种有毒和致癌元素。高度暴露的个体易患各种疾病，包括皮肤疾病、认知障碍以及肺、肝和肾的癌症。事实上，全球约有 2 亿人接触到具有潜在毒性的砷水平，这促使人们进行了大量的研究和缓解工作，以应对这一广泛的公共卫生问题。本综述提供了对全球社会面临的与砷有关的挑战的最新看法，包括当前的砷源、全球疾病负担、砷抗性以及正在采取的缓解措施的不足之处，并讨论了潜在的下一步措施。
