Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University , Cleveland, OH, USA.
Exp Aging Res. 2021 Mar-Apr;47(2):165-182. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2020.1871237. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
Past studies have been equivocal regarding age differences in reappraisal efficacy. Moreover, the use of laboratory-generated stimuli (e.g., images, film clips) may overestimate age differences. Instead, the use of self-relevant stimuli (e.g., autobiographical memory) may better represent the day-to-day implementation of reappraisal. Younger and older adults generated 50 negative memories and provided negativity, positivity, and vividness ratings. One to two weeks later, participants underwent a reappraisal task during which physiological data were collected. Participants implemented one of the three instructions for 30 seconds: remember naturally, increase negative reactions, or decrease negative reactions via a "positivizing" tactic. Prior to the regulation session, older adults rated all memories more positively than younger adults. No age differences in negativity or vividness ratings emerged. After regulation, older adults rated memories more positively, negatively, and vividly than younger adults. Physiological data suggest that reappraisal demands may have been more cognitively demanding for older adults. However, older adults reported higher negativity and positivity than younger adults. This challenges the existing theory regarding age and emotion regulation. We contend that reappraisal was achieved by younger and older adults; however, achievement may have emerged in slightly different ways.
以往关于再评价效能的年龄差异的研究结果并不一致。此外，使用实验室生成的刺激（例如图像、电影片段）可能会高估年龄差异。相反，使用与自我相关的刺激（例如自传记忆）可能更能代表再评价的日常实施。 年轻和年长的成年人生成了 50 个负面记忆，并提供了负面、正面和生动度评分。一到两周后，参与者进行了再评价任务，在此期间收集了生理数据。参与者根据以下三个指令之一执行 30 秒：自然记忆、增加负面反应或通过“积极化”策略减少负面反应。 在调节会话之前，老年人对所有记忆的评价都比年轻人更积极。在负面和生动度评分上没有出现年龄差异。调节后，老年人对记忆的评价比年轻人更积极、更消极、更生动。生理数据表明，再评价要求可能对老年人的认知要求更高。然而，老年人报告的负面和正面情绪比年轻人高。 这对现有的年龄与情绪调节理论提出了挑战。我们认为，年轻和年长的成年人都实现了再评价；然而，实现的方式可能略有不同。
