Doron Yaffa, Anaki David
Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2024 Sep 5;15:1346693. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1346693. eCollection 2024.
Emotion regulation (ER) comprises the processes that recognize, monitor, evaluate, and modify emotional reactions. Although ER refers to events that stem from internal or external situations, few studies have examined the effect of intrinsic emotional states on ER processes deployed on external stimuli. The present research investigated, in old- vs. young adults, the influence of state self-esteem (internal condition) in employing ER strategies while implicitly memorizing negative-valence pictures (external condition). State self-esteem was manipulated by giving random feedback (positive/negative) to a demanding cognitive task. Participants then saw 20 photographs and were asked to reappraise half of them and distract themselves from the other half. They were given a recognition task following a short delay with 20 old photographs and 20 new ones. Results indicated that young people with high self-esteem remembered the reappraised pictures better than the distracted ones. In the low self-esteem state, young adults remembered the distracted photographs better than the reappraised ones. In contrast, in old adults low self-esteem resulted in better recognition than high self-esteem, regardless of the regulation strategy. Thus, only among young participants did emotion regulation strategies moderate the effect of self-esteem on memory for negative emotional images. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between different ER strategies and their relative importance across various stages of life.
情绪调节（ER）包括识别、监控、评估和改变情绪反应的过程。虽然情绪调节指的是源于内部或外部情况的事件，但很少有研究考察内在情绪状态对针对外部刺激所采用的情绪调节过程的影响。本研究调查了老年人和年轻人在隐式记忆负价图片（外部情况）时，状态自尊（内部条件）在采用情绪调节策略方面的影响。通过对一项要求较高的认知任务给予随机反馈（积极/消极）来操纵状态自尊。参与者随后观看20张照片，并被要求对其中一半照片进行重新评估，而对另一半照片则分散注意力。在短暂延迟后，他们要对20张旧照片和20张新照片进行识别任务。结果表明，高自尊的年轻人对重新评估过的照片的记忆比对分散注意力的照片更好。在低自尊状态下，年轻人对分散注意力的照片的记忆比对重新评估过的照片更好。相比之下，在老年人中，无论调节策略如何，低自尊导致的识别效果都比高自尊更好。因此，只有在年轻参与者中，情绪调节策略才会调节自尊对负面情绪图像记忆的影响。这些发现突出了不同情绪调节策略之间复杂的相互作用及其在生命各个阶段的相对重要性。
