Stängle Sabrina, Schnepp Wilfried, Mezger Mirjam, Büche Daniel, Fringer André
University Witten/Herdecke, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
ZHAW School of Health Professions, Winterthur, Zürich, Switzerland.
SAGE Open Nurs. 2019 Jan 8;5:2377960818812356. doi: 10.1177/2377960818812356. eCollection 2019 Jan-Dec.
"Voluntary stopping of eating and drinking" (VSED) is an option to hasten death at the end of life. There are no data available about incidence of either the explicit VSED or implicit (V)SED nor information about experiences and attitudes of health professionals about VSED in Switzerland.
To develop, test, and translate a standardized questionnaire that measures the incidence of VSED, and physicians' and nurses' experiences about explicit VSED and implicit (V)SED.
The development of the questionnaire was based on a systematic search, which were updated in 2016. The questionnaire was tested by palliative care specialists using standard pretest and content validity index (CVI). Subsequently, a forward/backward translation was made.
The questionnaire includes 38 items. Feedback of 15 participants in the standard pretest were positive in terms of intelligibility with an average time of 28 minutes. After adjustment, 27 experts validated the items in two rounds. The questionnaire achieves excellent item-CVI values between 0.91 and 1.00 and scale-CVI values of 0.97. The forward/backward translations were each carried out by two independent translators with subsequent building of a consensus through a consultant.
A mulitlingual questionnaire has been developed, which measures the incidence of explicit VSED and implicit (V)SED. This questionnaire is the basis for a Swiss-wide census of all physicians and nurses of outpatient and long-term care.
“自愿停止进食和饮水”（VSED）是一种在生命末期加速死亡的选择。在瑞士，没有关于明确的VSED或隐性（V）SED发生率的数据，也没有关于卫生专业人员对VSED的经验和态度的信息。
开发、测试并翻译一份标准化问卷，以测量VSED的发生率，以及医生和护士对明确的VSED和隐性（V）SED的经验。
问卷的开发基于2016年更新的系统检索。该问卷由姑息治疗专家使用标准预测试和内容效度指数（CVI）进行测试。随后进行了正向/反向翻译。
问卷包括38个项目。15名参与者在标准预测试中的反馈在清晰度方面是积极的，平均用时28分钟。调整后，27名专家分两轮对项目进行了验证。问卷的项目CVI值在0.91至1.00之间，量表CVI值为0.97，均达到优秀水平。正向/反向翻译分别由两名独立翻译人员进行，随后通过一名顾问达成共识。
已开发出一份多语言问卷，用于测量明确的VSED和隐性（V）SED的发生率。该问卷是对瑞士所有门诊和长期护理医生及护士进行全国普查的基础。
