Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; email:
Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany; email:
Annu Rev Entomol. 2021 Jan 7;66:121-140. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-052620-073348.
Insecticidal proteins from the bacterium () are used in sprayable formulations or produced in transgenic crops as the most successful alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The most relevant threat to sustainability of insecticidal proteins (toxins) is the evolution of resistance in target pests. To date, high-level resistance to sprays has been limited to one species in the field and another in commercial greenhouses. In contrast, there are currently seven lepidopteran and one coleopteran species that have evolved practical resistance to transgenic plants producing insecticidal proteins. In this article, we present a review of the current knowledge on mechanisms of resistance to toxins, with emphasis on key resistance genes and field-evolved resistance, to support improvement of technology and its sustainability.
来自细菌（）的杀虫蛋白被用于喷雾制剂或在转基因作物中生产，是合成农药最成功的替代品。杀虫蛋白（毒素）可持续性面临的最相关威胁是目标害虫对其产生抗药性。迄今为止，田间仅有一个物种和另一个商业温室物种对 喷雾产生了高水平的抗性。相比之下，目前有七个鳞翅目和一个鞘翅目物种已经对生产杀虫蛋白的转基因植物产生了实际抗性。本文综述了目前对杀虫蛋白抗性机制的认识，重点介绍了关键抗性基因和田间进化的抗性，以支持 技术的改进及其可持续性。
