Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2021 Feb;114(2):169-194. doi: 10.1007/s10482-020-01510-6. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
Geosmithia species (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) are associates of bark beetles and other arthropods. One species, Geosmithia morbida, is a virulent tree pathogen of Juglans nigra. To date, 10 Geosmithia spp. from conifer-infesting, and at least 23 species from hardwood associated bark beetles have been reported from Europe. The aim of this study was to survey Geosmithia spp. associated with 18 bark and ambrosia beetle species in hardwood ecosystems in Poland. In addition, we evaluated the pathogenicity of the six Geosmithia species by inoculating Acer, Fagus, Quercus, Tilia and Ulmus seedlings. Our surveys yielded a total of 1060 isolates from 2915 beetles and 1887 galleries. We identified isolates using morphology and ITS, β-tubulin and TEF1-α sequences. Altogether we identified 11 species including nine previously known and two new species described here as Geosmithia fagi sp. nov. and G. pazoutovae sp. nov. In addition, a sister species G. longistipitata sp. nov., associated with Picea trees, is described here. Bark beetles from hardwoods, with exeption of Dryocoetes alni, D. villosus, Scolytus ratzeburgi and ambrosia beetles, appear to be regular vectors of Geosmithia spp. Like in other parts of the world, most Geosmithia taxa exhibited a distinct level of vector/host specificity. None of Geosmithia isolates induced any disease symptoms under the conditions of our experiment. This study highlights the need for more intensive surveys across additional areas of Central and Northern Europe, insect vectors and host tree species in order to elucidate the Geosmithia species diversity in this region.
地钩壳属物种（Hypocreales，子囊菌门）是树皮甲虫和其他节肢动物的伴生物种。其中一个物种地钩壳菌（Geosmithia morbida）是黑胡桃的一种强毒性树木病原体。迄今为止，已在欧洲报道了 10 种来自针叶树侵害的地钩壳属物种，以及至少 23 种来自硬木相关树皮甲虫的地钩壳属物种。本研究的目的是调查与波兰硬木生态系统中 18 种树皮和韧皮部甲虫相关的地钩壳属物种。此外，我们通过接种 Acer、Fagus、Quercus、Tilia 和 Ulmus 幼苗来评估这 6 种地钩壳属物种的致病性。我们的调查共从 2915 只甲虫和 1887 个坑道中获得了 1060 个分离株。我们通过形态学和 ITS、β-微管蛋白和 TEF1-α 序列来鉴定分离株。总共鉴定出 11 个物种，包括 9 个先前已知的物种和 2 个新种，即地钩壳菌 fagi sp. nov. 和地钩壳菌 pazoutovae sp. nov. 此外，还描述了一种与云杉有关的姊妹种地钩壳菌 longistipitata sp. nov.。除了 Dryocoetes alni、D. villosus、Scolytus ratzeburgi 和韧皮部甲虫外，来自硬木的树皮甲虫似乎是地钩壳属物种的常规载体。与世界其他地区一样，大多数地钩壳属种表现出明显的载体/宿主特异性。在我们实验的条件下，没有地钩壳属分离物引起任何疾病症状。本研究强调需要在中欧和北欧的其他地区、昆虫载体和宿主树木物种中进行更深入的调查，以阐明该地区的地钩壳属物种多样性。
