Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 May;28(18):22664-22678. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12139-3. Epub 2021 Jan 9.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are widely used in food, edible dyes, and other commercial products. Human exposure to TiO NPs has raised concerns regarding their toxic potential. Various studies have evaluated the TiO NPs-induced toxicity, oxidative damage to the cellular components, and genotoxicity. In the present study, we examined whether co-treatment with the dietary antioxidant eugenol can attenuate or protect against TiO NPs-induced toxicity. We exposed the adult male Wistar rats to TiO NPs (150 mg/kg body weight) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) either alone or as co-treatment with eugenol (1-10 mg/kg body weight) once a day for 14 days. The untreated rats were supplied saline and served as control. Titanium (Ti) accumulation in various tissues was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum levels of liver and kidney biomarkers and oxidative stress markers in the liver, kidney, and spleen were determined. A significant increase in hydrogen peroxide level confirmed that oxidative stress occurred in these tissues. TiO NPs induced oxidation of lipids, and decreased glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activity in the kidney, liver, and spleen of treated rats. TiO NPs also increased the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, and total cholesterol and decreased the blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and total bilirubin in serum, which indicates oxidative damage to the liver and kidney. In eugenol and TiO NPs co-treated rats, all these changes were mitigated. Single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) of lymphocytes showed longer comet tail length in TiO NPs-treated groups, indicating DNA damage while tail length was reduced in eugenol and TiO NPs co-treated groups. Thus, it seems that eugenol can be used as a chemoprotective agent against TiO NPs-induced toxicity.
二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO NPs）广泛应用于食品、食用染料和其他商业产品中。人类接触 TiO NPs 引起了人们对其潜在毒性的关注。各种研究已经评估了 TiO NPs 诱导的毒性、细胞成分的氧化损伤和遗传毒性。在本研究中，我们研究了膳食抗氧化剂丁香酚是否可以减轻或预防 TiO NPs 诱导的毒性。我们通过腹腔注射（i.p.）单独或与丁香酚（1-10 mg/kg 体重）一起每天一次对成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠暴露于 TiO NPs（150 mg/kg 体重）14 天。未处理的大鼠给予生理盐水作为对照。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱分析各种组织中的钛（Ti）积累。测定血清肝、肾生物标志物和肝、肾、脾的氧化应激标志物水平。过氧化氢水平的显著增加证实了这些组织中发生了氧化应激。TiO NPs 诱导了肾脏、肝脏和脾脏中脂质氧化、谷胱甘肽水平降低和抗氧化酶活性降低。TiO NPs 还增加了血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、白蛋白和总胆固醇的水平，降低了血清中的血尿素氮、尿酸和总胆红素，这表明对肝脏和肾脏的氧化损伤。在丁香酚和 TiO NPs 共同处理的大鼠中，所有这些变化都得到了缓解。淋巴细胞的单细胞凝胶电泳（彗星试验）显示 TiO NPs 处理组的彗星尾长较长，表明 DNA 损伤，而丁香酚和 TiO NPs 共同处理组的尾长缩短。因此，丁香酚似乎可以用作预防 TiO NPs 诱导的毒性的化学保护剂。
