Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department for Sustainable Food Process, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, PC, Italy; European Observatory on sustainable agriculture (OPERA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, PC, Italy.
European Observatory on sustainable agriculture (OPERA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, PC, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Apr 20;766:144512. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144512. Epub 2020 Dec 16.
Nitrogen losses from intensive agricultural production may end up as high nitrate (NO) concentrations in groundwater, with a long-term impact on groundwater quality. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fertilization practices used for grape cultivation on groundwater quality of Tidone Valley, northwest of Italy, following an integrated socio-hydrogeological approach that consists on (i) the involvement of 175 farmers in the description of agricultural and fertilization practices, using a survey of ad hoc questionnaires, (ii) the evaluation of NO occurrence in groundwater and (iii) the identification of NO sources through isotopic and hydrochemical analysis. In this area, as for certain particular Apennines shallow aquifers, groundwater is of reduced interest due to its limited storage capacity and there are insufficient wells currently monitored by the local Environmental Agency (ARPAE) to evaluate the impact of agricultural fertilization on existing local aquifers. Farmers' questionnaires results highlighted an extensive use of inorganic nitrogen fertilization and a tendency of farmers to follow their own experience for fertilization. Chemical analyses revealed high variability of major and trace elements concentrations isotope data. NO concentrations were significantly higher in deeper wells with respects to shallow wells. Isotopic results indicated that groundwater NO origin is inorganic, in agreement with the land use and the declared viticultural practices. Comparing groundwater NO occurrence from the studied area with values of entire Emilia-Romagna Region, only 7.7% of groundwater samples showed values above the EQS. (50 mg NO/L) between Nov 2017 and Sept 2018, while in the entire region 11.5% of groundwater samples showed values above the EQS in the same period. Considering that the vineyards surface in the studied area represents almost 75% of the entire regional vineyard surface, the obtained results suggest a low to moderate impact of viticulture on NOconcentration of regional groundwater.
集约化农业生产导致的氮素流失可能导致地下水硝酸盐（NO）浓度升高，从而对地下水水质产生长期影响。本研究的主要目的是采用综合社会-水文地质方法评估意大利西北部 Tidone 流域葡萄种植施肥实践对地下水水质的影响。该方法包括：（i）让 175 名农民参与描述农业和施肥实践，使用专门调查问卷进行调查；（ii）评估地下水 NO 的存在情况；（iii）通过同位素和水化学分析确定 NO 的来源。在该地区，与某些特定的亚平宁浅层含水层一样，由于地下水储存能力有限，其用途有限，而且当地环境机构（ARPAE）目前监测的水井不足以评估农业施肥对现有当地含水层的影响。农民调查问卷结果突出表明，大量使用无机氮施肥，而且农民倾向于根据自己的施肥经验进行施肥。化学分析显示，主要和微量元素浓度同位素数据具有很大的变异性。与浅层水井相比，深层水井中 NO 浓度明显更高。同位素结果表明，地下水 NO 的来源是无机的，这与土地利用和申报的葡萄种植做法一致。将研究区地下水 NO 的存在情况与整个艾米利亚-罗马涅地区的值进行比较，只有 7.7%的地下水样本在 2017 年 11 月至 2018 年 9 月期间显示出高于 EQS（50 mg NO/L）的值，而在同一时期，整个地区有 11.5%的地下水样本显示出高于 EQS 的值。考虑到研究区葡萄园的面积几乎占整个地区葡萄园面积的 75%，因此，研究结果表明，葡萄种植对地下水硝酸盐浓度的影响较低或中等。
