Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department for Sustainable Food Process, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, PC, Italy.
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department for Sustainable Food Process, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, PC, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 20;736:139730. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139730. Epub 2020 May 26.
Agricultural practice often involves an intensive and incorrect use of pesticides and fertilizers. These chemicals can leach through the soil profile and contaminate groundwater, including drinking water. For this reason, an effective groundwater monitoring is strongly advisable. The aim of this study was to investigate the groundwater contamination by plant protection products (PPPs) on a hilly area situated in the Tidone Valley, North-West of Italy, a region characterized by an intensive viticulture production. This area is not included in the national groundwater monitoring plan and therefore scarce information is available regarding the quality of groundwater, even though the local Environmental Agency previously revealed the occurrence of PPPs at values higher than the Environmental Quality Standard downstream this area. Hence, a monitoring wells network was developed following an upstream-downstream criterion, a list of pesticides to be monitored, based on a multi-actor approach, and an analytical method for PPPs detection and quantification. The analytical approach involved solid phase extraction followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The results of three monitoring campaigns revealed the occurrence of seven PPPs at a level higher than EQS for groundwater (0.1 μg/L) in 30% of the wells. The main pesticides detected were Chlorantraniliprole, Dimethomorph, Fluopicolide, Metalaxyl-M, Penconazole, and Tetraconazole, all commonly used in viticulture, together with S-metolachlor, authorized for cereal cropping. Statistical analysis revealed a significant influence of the sampling time, slope of the soil surrounding the wells, wells depth and wells location on the concentration of five PPPs. Therefore, the results obtained show that the improper use of PPPs for grapevine cultivation may cause groundwater contamination and suggest the need for a deeper analysis of territorial reality, including hydrology studies and farmer behavior and for an urgent introduction of best management practices and mitigation measures to promote a sustainable use of PPPs in viticulture.
农业实践中常常存在过度和不当使用农药和化肥的情况。这些化学物质会通过土壤剖面渗漏，并污染地下水，包括饮用水。因此，强烈建议进行有效的地下水监测。本研究的目的是调查位于意大利西北部 Tidone 流域的丘陵地区的植物保护产品（PPPs）对地下水的污染情况，该地区以集约化的葡萄种植业为特征。该地区未被纳入国家地下水监测计划，因此有关地下水质量的信息很少，尽管当地环境机构此前曾在该地区下游地区发现 PPPs 的浓度高于环境质量标准。因此，按照上下游标准开发了一个监测井网络，根据多方合作的方法制定了一个要监测的农药清单，并制定了 PPPs 检测和定量的分析方法。分析方法包括固相萃取，然后是高效液相色谱串联质谱法。三次监测活动的结果表明，在 30%的井中，有七种 PPPs 的浓度高于地下水的 EQS（0.1μg/L）。检测到的主要农药有氯虫酰胺、烯酰吗啉、氟吡菌酰胺、甲霜灵-M、丙环唑和戊唑醇，这些农药均常用于葡萄种植业，同时还有用于谷物种植的授权农药 S-甲草氯。统计分析表明，采样时间、周围土壤的坡度、井深和井的位置对五种 PPPs 浓度有显著影响。因此，研究结果表明，葡萄种植过程中不当使用 PPPs 可能导致地下水污染，并建议对包括水文研究、农民行为在内的地域实际情况进行更深入的分析，同时迫切需要引入最佳管理实践和缓解措施，以促进葡萄种植业中 PPPs 的可持续使用。
