Centre for Obesity Research and Education [CORE], School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy; BioInnova Srl, Potenza, Italy.
Eur J Cancer. 2021 Mar;145:53-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.040. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is one of the deadliest cancers known and its incidence is increasing in the developed countries. Because of the lack of biomarkers that allow early detection and the tendency of the disease to be asymptomatic, the diagnosis comes often too late for effective surgical or chemotherapy intervention. Lifestyle factors, that may cause common genetic modifications occurring in the disease, interfere with pancreatic physiology or function, and play a role in PaCa development, have been of concern recently, since a strategy to prevent this severe cancer is needed. This review identifies the latest evidences related to increased risk of developing PaCa due to dietary habits such as high alcohol, fructose and red or processed meat intake, and pathological conditions such as diabetes, obesity and infections in addition to stress and smoking behaviour. It aims to highlight the importance of intervening on modifiable risk factors: the action on these factors could prevent a considerable number of new cases of PaCa.
胰腺癌（PaCa）是一种最为致命的癌症，在发达国家其发病率正在上升。由于缺乏允许早期检测的生物标志物，而且该疾病往往没有症状，因此经常诊断为时已晚，无法进行有效的手术或化疗干预。生活方式因素可能导致疾病中常见的遗传改变，干扰胰腺的生理或功能，并在 PaCa 的发展中起作用，因此最近受到关注，因为需要制定预防这种严重癌症的策略。本综述确定了由于饮食习惯（如大量饮酒、果糖和红色或加工肉类摄入）以及糖尿病、肥胖和感染等病理状况，以及压力和吸烟行为等因素，导致发生 PaCa 风险增加的最新证据。它旨在强调干预可改变的危险因素的重要性：对这些因素的干预可能会预防相当数量的新 PaCa 病例。
