Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical University of Silesia Medyków 14, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Jul 22;58(8):978. doi: 10.3390/medicina58080978.
Pancreatic cancer is becoming an increasing healthcare concern. Though it is a 14th most common cancer worldwide, its incidence is steadily rising. Results of currently available therapies are still not satisfactory. Therefore, great attention should be put on the identification and reduction of risk factors for pancreatic cancer. A thorough up-to-date review of available data on the impact of well-established and novel risk factors of pancreatic cancer development have been performed. Several risk factors associated with lifestyle have significant impact on the risk of pancreatic cancer (i.e., smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption). Physicians should also be aware of the novel findings suggesting increasing role of microbiome, including viral and bacterial infections, in the development of pancreatic cancer. A growing body of evidence suggest also an increased risk during certain occupational exposures. In general, lifestyle seems to be a major contributor in the development of pancreatic cancer. Special attention should be given to individuals with a vicious cluster consisting of metabolic syndrome, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Physicians should urge patients to comply to healthy diet, cessation of smoking and moderation of alcohol consumption, which may halve pancreatic cancer incidence. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential use of therapeutic approach on novel risk factors (e.g., microbiome).
胰腺癌正成为日益严重的医疗保健问题。尽管它是全球第 14 常见的癌症，但发病率却在稳步上升。目前可用疗法的结果仍不尽如人意。因此，应高度重视识别和减少胰腺癌的风险因素。对现有的关于已确立和新的胰腺癌发展风险因素的影响的可用数据进行了全面的最新综述。一些与生活方式相关的风险因素对胰腺癌的风险有重大影响（即吸烟、肥胖、饮酒）。医生还应该意识到新的发现，表明微生物组（包括病毒和细菌感染）在胰腺癌的发展中起着越来越重要的作用。越来越多的证据表明，在某些职业暴露中风险也会增加。总的来说，生活方式似乎是胰腺癌发展的主要因素。应特别关注代谢综合征、吸烟和饮酒等不良因素聚集的个体。医生应敦促患者遵循健康饮食、戒烟和适度饮酒，这可能使胰腺癌的发病率减半。需要进一步的研究来探索对新的风险因素（例如微生物组）进行治疗的潜在方法。
