Wellcome Integrative Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK.
Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Mar;376(1819):20190678. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0678. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
While traditional economic models assume that agents are self-interested, humans and most non-human primates are social species. Therefore, many of decisions they make require the integration of information about other social agents. This study asks to what extent information about social status and the social context in which decisions are taken impact on reward-guided decisions in rhesus macaques. We tested 12 monkeys of varying dominance status in several experimental versions of a two-choice task in which reward could be delivered to self only, only another monkey, both the self and another monkey, or neither. Results showed dominant animals were more prone to make prosocial choices than subordinates, but only when the decision was between a reward for self only and a reward for both self and other. If the choice was between a reward for self only and a reward for other only, no animal expressed altruistic behaviour. Finally, prosocial choices were true social decisions as they were strikingly reduced when the social partner was replaced by a non-social object. These results showed that as in humans, rhesus macaques' social decisions are adaptive and modulated by social status and the cost associated with being prosocial. This article is part of the theme issue 'Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates'.
虽然传统的经济模型假设代理人是自利的，但人类和大多数非人类灵长类动物都是社会性物种。因此，他们做出的许多决策都需要整合关于其他社会代理的信息。本研究旨在探讨社会地位和决策背景的信息在多大程度上影响猕猴的奖励引导决策。我们在几种不同的实验版本的二选一任务中测试了 12 只具有不同支配地位的猴子，在这些任务中，奖励可以只给自己、只给另一只猴子、同时给自我和另一只猴子，或者都不给。结果表明，支配地位较高的动物比从属地位的动物更倾向于做出亲社会的选择，但只有在自我奖励和自我与他人奖励之间进行选择时才会如此。如果选择是自我奖励和他人奖励之间，没有动物表现出利他行为。最后，亲社会的选择是真正的社会决策，因为当社会伙伴被一个非社会对象取代时，这些选择显著减少。这些结果表明，与人类一样，猕猴的社会决策是适应性的，并受社会地位和与亲社会行为相关的成本的调节。本文是主题为“非人类灵长类动物的经济行为的存在和普遍性”的一部分。
