Russo Alessandro
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med. 2020 Dec 20;14:1179548420982786. doi: 10.1177/1179548420982786. eCollection 2020.
In the last years, the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative (like ) and Gram-positive bacteria (mostly methicillin-resistant ) was worldwide reported, limiting the options for an effective antibiotic therapy. For these reasons, inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and delayed prescription can lead to an unfavorable outcome, especially in patients with pneumonia. New antibiotics approved belong to classes of antimicrobials, like beta-lactams with or without beta-lactamase inhibitors, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, quinolones, and tetracyclines, or based on new mechanisms of action. These new compounds show many advantages, including a broad spectrum of activity against MDR pathogens, good lung penetration, safety and tolerability, and finally the possibility of intravenous and/or oral formulations. However, the new antibiotics under development represent an important possible armamentarium against difficult-to-treat strains. The safety and clinical efficacy of these future drugs should be tested in clinical practice. In this review, there are reported characteristics of newly approved antibiotics that represent potential future options for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Finally, the characteristics of the drugs under development are briefly reported.
近年来，全球范围内报道了多重耐药（MDR）革兰氏阴性菌（如 ）和革兰氏阳性菌（主要是耐甲氧西林 ）的存在，这限制了有效抗生素治疗的选择。由于这些原因，不适当的抗菌治疗和延迟处方可能导致不良后果，尤其是在肺炎患者中。新批准的抗生素属于抗菌药物类别，如含或不含β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、恶唑烷酮类、喹诺酮类和四环素类，或基于新的作用机制。这些新化合物具有许多优点，包括对多重耐药病原体具有广谱活性、良好的肺部渗透性、安全性和耐受性，以及最终具有静脉内和/或口服制剂的可能性。然而，正在研发的新抗生素是对抗难治疗菌株的重要潜在武器库。这些未来药物的安全性和临床疗效应在临床实践中进行测试。在本综述中，报告了新批准抗生素的特征，这些特征代表了治疗呼吸道感染（包括由多重耐药菌引起的感染）的潜在未来选择。最后，简要报告了正在研发药物的特征。
