Khedr Safaa I, Mokhamer El Hassan M, Hassan Amal A A, El-Feki Asmaa S, Elkhodary Gihan M, El-Gerbed Mohamed S A
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Jan;28(1):427-439. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.026. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
Considering the magnitude of giardiasis problem, the side-effects of the used anti-giardia drugs and the resistance posed against them, the current study aimed to evaluate the giardicidal effect of leaf extract (PGLE).
For fulfilling this aim, five Swiss-albino mice groups were included; GI: non-infected, GII: -infected and non-treated, GIII: -infected and metronidazole-treated, GIV: -infected and PGLE-treated, and GV: -infected and treated with both metronidazole and PGLE. Treatment efficacy was assessed via; cyst viability and trophozoite count, trophozoite electron microscopic ultrastructure, duodenal histopathological scoring, immunohistochemistry for TNF-α and duodenal scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, mice serum liver enzymes, total bilirubin, albumin, lipid profile including; total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides were assessed. Additionally, hepatic oxidative stress markers including; malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured.
Results showed that PGLE whether alone or combined with metronidazole has induced significant trophozoite count reduction and major architectural changes. Duodenal histological improvement, and local protective anti-inflammatory effect were confirmed. PGLE has also helped in healing of -induced gut atrophy. Thus, offered a comprehensive therapy for both the pathogen and the resultant pathological sequalae. Serum markers showed favorable hepatoprotective effect. Total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides levels were less in PGLE-treated group than in metronidazole-treated group. Hepatic oxidative stress markers revealed the promising extract antioxidant effect. This study highlights, the promising giardicidal PGLE activity, that was comparable to metronidazole, thus, the extract would be an ideal strongly recommended treatment for giardiasis. When combined with metronidazole, the extract potentiated its therapeutic effect. Besides, having hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, the extract can combat the major side effects of metronidazole therapy.
鉴于贾第虫病问题的严重性、所用抗贾第虫药物的副作用以及对这些药物产生的耐药性，本研究旨在评估叶提取物（PGLE）的杀贾第虫效果。
为实现这一目标，纳入了五组瑞士白化小鼠；GI组：未感染组，GII组：感染但未治疗组，GIII组：感染并用甲硝唑治疗组，GIV组：感染并用PGLE治疗组，GV组：感染并用甲硝唑和PGLE联合治疗组。通过以下方面评估治疗效果：包囊活力和滋养体计数、滋养体电子显微镜超微结构、十二指肠组织病理学评分、TNF-α免疫组织化学以及十二指肠扫描电子显微镜检查。此外，还评估了小鼠血清肝酶、总胆红素、白蛋白、血脂谱，包括总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯。另外，测量了肝脏氧化应激标志物，包括丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）。
结果表明，PGLE单独使用或与甲硝唑联合使用均能显著降低滋养体计数并引起主要结构变化。证实了十二指肠组织学改善以及局部保护性抗炎作用。PGLE还有助于治愈诱导的肠道萎缩。因此，为病原体和由此产生的病理后遗症提供了全面的治疗方法。血清标志物显示出良好的肝保护作用。PGLE治疗组的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平低于甲硝唑治疗组。肝脏氧化应激标志物显示出该提取物有良好的抗氧化作用。本研究强调了PGLE具有与甲硝唑相当的有前景的杀贾第虫活性，因此，该提取物将是治疗贾第虫病的理想且强烈推荐的治疗方法。当与甲硝唑联合使用时，该提取物增强了其治疗效果。此外，该提取物具有肝保护、抗炎和抗氧化特性，可对抗甲硝唑治疗的主要副作用。
