Hadzic Sanja, Gojkov-Vukelic Mirjana, Pasic Enes, Jahic Indira Mujic, Muharemovic Arma, Huseinbegovic-Cengic Amina
Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Bolnička 4a, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Mater Sociomed. 2020 Sep;32(3):212-217. doi: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.212-217.
Cigarette or hookah smoking, as well as alcohol consumption and abuse, are considered to be the most common etiological factors for the onset of oral cavity diseases, such as changes on the lips, tongue, stomatopyrosis, glossopyrosis, candidiasis.
Research aims to determine the harmful effect of smoking the hookah as well as other harmful factors on the oral health of the student population of the Faculty of Dentistry in Sarajevo.
The fourth, fifth, and sixth-year students of the Faculty of Dentistry in Sarajevo participated in this cross-sectional study. All of them are systemically healthy and consume some harmful habits: smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, and hookah. All students participated in the study voluntarily and they signed informed consent before the clinical examination. All the subjects gave an extensive medical history which recorded all the data on oral hygiene, harmful habits, manner and length of consumption; they were also given a clinical examination of the oral mucosa and the periodontium, as well as determining periodontal indices, and oral tests that are used for diagnostic purposes. The data is entered into work charts specially designed for these purposes.
The results are statistically processed in the SPSS Statistics 21.0 program and are discussed along with the results of other authors, published in relevant databases.
The conclusion consists of important facts that originate from the results and the discussion.
吸烟（包括香烟和水烟）以及酗酒和酒精滥用被认为是口腔疾病发病的最常见病因，如唇部病变、舌部病变、口腔炎、舌炎、念珠菌病。
本研究旨在确定吸食水烟以及其他有害因素对萨拉热窝牙科学院学生群体口腔健康的有害影响。
萨拉热窝牙科学院的四年级、五年级和六年级学生参与了这项横断面研究。他们全身健康，但都有一些有害习惯，如吸烟、饮酒和吸食水烟。所有学生均自愿参与研究，并在临床检查前签署了知情同意书。所有受试者都提供了详细的病史，记录了有关口腔卫生、有害习惯、消费方式和时长的所有数据；他们还接受了口腔黏膜和牙周组织的临床检查，以及牙周指数测定和用于诊断目的的口腔测试。数据被录入为此专门设计的工作表中。
研究结果在SPSS Statistics 21.0程序中进行了统计处理，并与发表在相关数据库中的其他作者的研究结果一同进行了讨论。
结论包含源于研究结果和讨论的重要事实。
