Krokhine Sophie N, Ewers Nathalee P, Mangold Kiersten I, Boshra Rober, Lin Chia-Yu A, Connolly John F
Centre for Advanced Research in Experimental and Applied Linguistics (ARiEAL) Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Dec 17;14:601370. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.601370. eCollection 2020.
The N2b is an event-related potential (ERP) component thought to index higher-order executive function. While the impact of concussion on executive functioning is frequently discussed in the literature, limited research has been done on the role of N2b in evaluating executive functioning in patients with concussion. The aims of this review are to consolidate an understanding of the cognitive functions reflected by the N2b and to account for discrepancies in literature findings regarding the N2b and concussion. A scoping review was conducted on studies that used the N2b to measure cognitive functioning in healthy control populations, as well as in people with concussions. Sixty-six articles that met inclusion criteria demonstrated that the N2b effectively represents stimulus-response conflict management, response selection, and response inhibition. However, the 19 included articles investigating head injury (using terms such as concussion, mild head injury, and mild traumatic brain injury) found widely varied results: some studies found the amplitude of the N2b to be increased in the concussion group, while others found it to be decreased or unchanged. Based on the available evidence, differences in the amplitude of the N2b have been linked to response selection, conflict, and inhibition deficits in concussion. However, due to large variations in methodology across studies, findings about the directionality of this effect remain inconclusive. The results of this review suggest that future research should be conducted with greater standardization and consistency.
N2b是一种与事件相关电位（ERP）成分，被认为可指示高阶执行功能。虽然文献中经常讨论脑震荡对执行功能的影响，但关于N2b在评估脑震荡患者执行功能中的作用的研究却很有限。本综述的目的是巩固对N2b所反映的认知功能的理解，并解释关于N2b与脑震荡的文献研究结果中的差异。对使用N2b测量健康对照人群以及脑震荡患者认知功能的研究进行了范围综述。符合纳入标准的66篇文章表明，N2b有效地代表了刺激-反应冲突管理、反应选择和反应抑制。然而，19篇纳入的研究头部损伤（使用脑震荡、轻度头部损伤和轻度创伤性脑损伤等术语）的文章发现结果差异很大：一些研究发现脑震荡组中N2b的波幅增加，而另一些研究则发现其降低或不变。基于现有证据，N2b波幅的差异与脑震荡中的反应选择、冲突和抑制缺陷有关。然而，由于各研究方法差异很大，关于这种效应方向性的研究结果仍无定论。本综述结果表明，未来的研究应以更高的标准化和一致性进行。
