Lindert Jutta, Lee Lewina O, Weisskopf Marc G, McKee Martin, Sehner Susanne, Spiro Avron
Department of Health and Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Emden, Emden, Germany.
Women's Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 2;11:575979. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.575979. eCollection 2020.
Stressful life events, especially relationship events, are frequent in adult life. We investigated the impact of a variety of stressful life events on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility. We analyzed data from a large prospective cohort study of men ( = 1,437) in the Boston area (assessed in 1985, 1988, and 1991). Main outcomes were measures of depression, anxiety and hostility symptoms. We used the Elders Life Stress Inventory (ELSI) to measure stressful life events in the past 12 months and examine their association with symptoms of depression, anxiety and hostility. First, we analyzed the association of stressful life events with symptom changes; second, we categorized stressful life events into finance/work, health, relationships, loss, living situations events; and third, we estimated the specific association between relationship events and depression, anxiety and hostility symptoms using multilevel models. The most frequent stressful life events were health, relationship, and financial events. Depression, anxiety, and hostility symptoms were relatively stable among men who did not experience these life events. However, those who reported life events in the past 12 months had a greater increase in symptoms of depression (+0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10) and of hostility (+0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.09) than those who did not. Additionally, we found a significant decrease in hostility (-0.05; 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.01) in those experiencing no life events. Relationship events were more important than any other type of events, and were significantly associated with increased depression and hostility in aging men. Although the effects were small, the results point to a need to understand better the impact of relationships on psychopathology in the aging population.
压力性生活事件，尤其是人际关系方面的事件，在成年人生活中很常见。我们调查了各种压力性生活事件对抑郁、焦虑和敌意症状的影响。我们分析了来自波士顿地区一项针对男性（n = 1437）的大型前瞻性队列研究的数据（于1985年、1988年和1991年进行评估）。主要结局是抑郁、焦虑和敌意症状的测量指标。我们使用老年人生活压力量表（ELSI）来测量过去12个月内的压力性生活事件，并研究它们与抑郁、焦虑和敌意症状之间的关联。首先，我们分析了压力性生活事件与症状变化之间的关联；其次，我们将压力性生活事件分为财务/工作、健康、人际关系、丧失、生活状况等事件类别；第三，我们使用多层次模型估计人际关系事件与抑郁、焦虑和敌意症状之间的具体关联。最常见的压力性生活事件是健康、人际关系和财务方面的事件。在未经历这些生活事件的男性中，抑郁、焦虑和敌意症状相对稳定。然而，那些报告在过去12个月内经历过生活事件的男性，其抑郁症状（+0.05；95%置信区间：0.01至0.10）和敌意症状（+0.05；95%置信区间：0.01至0.09）的增加幅度大于未经历过生活事件的男性。此外，我们发现未经历任何生活事件的男性敌意症状显著下降（-0.05；95%置信区间：-0.08至-0.01）。人际关系事件比其他任何类型的事件都更重要，并且与老年男性抑郁和敌意情绪的增加显著相关。尽管影响较小，但结果表明有必要更好地理解人际关系对老年人群心理病理学的影响。
