Agissova Fatikha, Sautkina Elena
School of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University), Moscow, Russia.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 23;11:584292. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584292. eCollection 2020.
Although it is widely accepted that personal values of Self-Transcendence are a positive predictor of environmentalism, and Self-Enhancement values are a negative one, these results are not conclusive for all cultural contexts. Regarding political ideologies, research concludes that liberals tend to be more concerned about the environment than conservatives. However, this two-dimensional take on political ideologies does not grasp the diversity of political views, which could be achieved by focusing on political values. In this research, we studied the role of personal and political values in predicting environmental attitudes and behavior in Kazakhstan, a developing country in Central Asia. Using an online survey ( = 305), we found that Security was a strong predictor of both environmental concern and New Environmental Paradigm (NEP), overshadowing the effect of traditionally accepted value dimensions of Self-Transcendence and Self-Enhancement. While Self-Direction positively predicted environmental concern, Universalism and Benevolence were positive predictors of NEP. Among political values, Civil Liberties predicted NEP positively, and had no significant effect on environmental concern, while Free Enterprise predicted environmental concern negatively, and had no significant effect on NEP. Environmental concern was a strong predictor of all pro-environmental behaviors included in the study (littering, recycling, environmental citizenship, and community action), fully mediating the effect of NEP. Based on personal and political values, three profiles of Kazakhstanis who engaged differently in pro-environmental behavior were identified.
尽管人们普遍认为，自我超越的个人价值观是环保主义的积极预测指标，而自我提升价值观则是消极预测指标，但这些结果并非在所有文化背景下都具有决定性意义。关于政治意识形态，研究得出结论，自由主义者往往比保守主义者更关心环境。然而，这种对政治意识形态的二维理解并不能把握政治观点的多样性，而关注政治价值观则可以实现这一点。在本研究中，我们考察了个人价值观和政治价值观在预测中亚发展中国家哈萨克斯坦的环境态度和行为方面所起的作用。通过在线调查（n = 305），我们发现安全是环境关切和新环境范式（NEP）的有力预测指标，其影响力超过了传统上认可的自我超越和自我提升价值维度的影响。自我导向积极预测环境关切，而普遍主义和仁爱则是新环境范式的积极预测指标。在政治价值观方面，公民自由对新环境范式有积极预测作用，对环境关切没有显著影响，而自由企业对环境关切有消极预测作用，对新环境范式没有显著影响。环境关切是该研究中所有环保行为（乱扔垃圾、回收利用、环境公民意识和社区行动）的有力预测指标，它完全中介了新环境范式的影响。基于个人和政治价值观，我们确定了哈萨克斯坦三种不同程度参与环保行为的人群特征。
