Zhou Saisai, Luo Runbo, Gong Ga, Wang Yifei, Gesang Zhuoma, Wang Kai, Xu Zhuofei, Suolang Sizhu
Department of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China.
Animal Epidemic Prevention and Control Center of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasa, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Dec 23;11:595066. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595066. eCollection 2020.
Tibetan pig is an important domestic mammal, providing products of high nutritional value for millions of people living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The genomes of mammalian gut microbiota encode a large number of carbohydrate-active enzymes, which are essential for the digestion of complex polysaccharides through fermentation. However, the current understanding of microbial degradation of dietary carbohydrates in the Tibetan pig gut is limited. In this study, we produced approximately 145 gigabases of metagenomic sequence data for the fecal samples from 11 Tibetan pigs. assembly and binning recovered 322 metagenome-assembled genomes taxonomically assigned to 11 bacterial phyla and two archaeal phyla. Of these genomes, 191 represented the uncultivated microbes derived from novel prokaryotic taxa. Twenty-three genomes were identified as metagenomic biomarkers that were significantly abundant in the gut ecosystem of Tibetan pigs compared to the other low-altitude relatives. Further, over 13,000 carbohydrate-degrading genes were identified, and these genes were more abundant in some of the genomes within the five principal phyla: , , , , and . Particularly, three genomes representing the uncultivated encode the most abundant degradative enzymes in the fecal microbiota of Tibetan pigs. These findings should substantially increase the phylogenetic diversity of specific taxonomic clades in the microbial tree of life and provide an expanded repertoire of biomass-degrading genes for future application to microbial production of industrial enzymes.
藏猪是一种重要的家养哺乳动物，为生活在青藏高原的数百万人提供高营养价值的产品。哺乳动物肠道微生物群的基因组编码大量碳水化合物活性酶，这些酶对于通过发酵消化复杂多糖至关重要。然而，目前对藏猪肠道中膳食碳水化合物的微生物降解的了解有限。在本研究中，我们为11头藏猪的粪便样本生成了约145千兆碱基的宏基因组序列数据。组装和分箱回收了322个宏基因组组装基因组，分类上属于11个细菌门和2个古菌门。在这些基因组中，191个代表来自新型原核生物类群的未培养微生物。23个基因组被鉴定为宏基因组生物标志物，与其他低海拔亲属相比，它们在藏猪肠道生态系统中显著丰富。此外，鉴定出超过13000个碳水化合物降解基因，这些基因在五个主要门类（、、、、和）的一些基因组中更为丰富。特别是，三个代表未培养的基因组在藏猪粪便微生物群中编码最丰富的降解酶。这些发现将大幅增加生命微生物树中特定分类类群的系统发育多样性，并为未来应用于工业酶的微生物生产提供更广泛的生物质降解基因库。
