Visvikis-Siest Sophie, Theodoridou Danai, Kontoe Maria-Spyridoula, Kumar Satish, Marschler Michael
Université de Lorraine, IGE-PCV, Nancy, France.
The Santorini Conferences (SCs) Association, Nancy, France.
Front Genet. 2020 Nov 30;11:569175. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.569175. eCollection 2020.
The first evidence of individual targeting medicine appeared in ancient times thousands of years ago. Various therapeutic approaches have been established since then. However, even nowadays, conventional therapies do not take into consideration individuals' idiosyncrasy and genetic make-up, failing thus to be effective in some cases. Over time, the necessity of a more precise and effective treatment resulted in the development of a scientific field currently known as "personalized medicine." The numerous technological breakthroughs in this field have acknowledged personalized medicine as the next generation of diagnosis and treatment. Although personalized medicine has attracted a lot of attention the last years, there are still several obstacles hindering its application in clinical practice. These limitations have come to light recently, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This review describes the "journey" of personalized medicine over time, emphasizing on important milestones achieved through time. Starting from the treatment of malaria, as a first more personalized therapeutic approach, it highlights the need of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic regimens based on individuals' genetic background. Furthermore, it aims at raising global awareness regarding the current limitations and the necessity of a personalized strategy to overpass healthcare problems and hence, the current crisis.
个性化医疗的首个证据出现在数千年前的古代。从那时起，人们建立了各种治疗方法。然而，即使在当今，传统疗法也没有考虑个体的特质和基因构成，因此在某些情况下无法奏效。随着时间的推移，更精确、有效的治疗方法的必要性促使了一个目前被称为“个性化医疗”的科学领域的发展。该领域的众多技术突破使个性化医疗被公认为下一代诊断和治疗方法。尽管个性化医疗在过去几年中受到了广泛关注，但仍有几个障碍阻碍其在临床实践中的应用。由于新冠疫情，这些限制最近才被发现。本综述描述了个性化医疗随时间的“历程”，强调了随着时间推移所取得的重要里程碑。从作为首个更个性化治疗方法的疟疾治疗开始，它强调了基于个体基因背景的新诊断工具和治疗方案的必要性。此外，它旨在提高全球对当前限制以及采用个性化策略以克服医疗保健问题乃至当前危机的必要性的认识。
