Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México; email:
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2021 Jun 17;72:463-495. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035925. Epub 2021 Jan 11.
Our knowledge of plant ion channels was significantly enhanced by the first application of the patch-clamp technique to isolated guard cell protoplasts over 35 years ago. Since then, research has demonstrated the importance of ion channels in the control of gas exchange in guard cells, their role in nutrient uptake in roots, and the participation of calcium-permeable cation channels in the regulation of cell signaling affected by the intracellular concentrations of this second messenger. In recent years, through the employment of reverse genetics, mutant proteins, and heterologous expression systems, research on ion channels has identified mechanisms that modify their activity through protein-protein interactions or that result in activation and/or deactivation of ion channels through posttranslational modifications. Additional and confirmatory information on ion channel functioning has been derived from the crystallization and molecular modeling of plant proteins that, together with functional analyses, have helped to increase our knowledge of the functioning of these important membrane proteins that may eventually help to improve crop yield. Here, an update on the advances obtained in plant ion channel function during the last few years is presented.
三十多年前，膜片钳技术首次应用于分离的保卫细胞原生质体，极大地促进了我们对植物离子通道的认识。此后的研究表明，离子通道在保卫细胞气体交换的控制、根系养分吸收以及钙通透性阳离子通道在细胞信号转导调节中的作用，而细胞信号转导又受到胞内这种第二信使浓度的影响。近年来，通过反向遗传学、突变蛋白和异源表达系统的应用，离子通道的研究已经确定了通过蛋白-蛋白相互作用来调节其活性的机制，或者通过翻译后修饰来激活和/或失活离子通道的机制。此外，还从植物蛋白的结晶和分子建模中获得了关于离子通道功能的更多和证实性信息，这些信息与功能分析一起，有助于增加我们对这些重要膜蛋白功能的认识，这些认识最终可能有助于提高作物产量。本文综述了过去几年中在植物离子通道功能方面的研究进展。
