听觉β刺激作为对抗驾驶员疲劳的对策。
Auditive beta stimulation as a countermeasure against driver fatigue.
机构信息
Groupe Renault, Direction de la Recherche / User Experience, Guyancourt, France.
FOM Hochschule, Wuppertal, Germany.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 11;16(1):e0245251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245251. eCollection 2021.
OBJECTIVE
Fatigue in road traffic can occur after long driving times or during night-time driving and can lead to a dangerous decrease in vigilance or microsleep. As a countermeasure, the effectiveness of brain stimulation by means of frequency-modified music is investigated. Small frequency shifts between two different sounds simultaneously perceived by both ears (e.g. 400 and 418 Hz) stimulate the brain to increase activity in the stimulated range (e.g. 18 Hz).
METHODS
The effects of acoustic brain entrainment (ABE) in the EEG beta range (12-20 Hz) were compared to placebo during day and night driving (n = 40 each) in 80 subjects. The effects were examined at the subjective (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS), physiological (EEG) and performance level (test battery for attention testing, TAP). The test drive took place on the motorway. Sequence of events with measurement times: Preparation in the laboratory (60 min; TAP & KSS), driving (90 min day/ 180 min night; KSS every 30 min), beta/placebo stimulation while driving (20 min), rest (20 min; TAP & KSS), driving (60 min; KSS every 30 min), end of driving (40 min; TAP & KSS). EEG was recorded continuously (Fz, Cz, Pz, C3, C4) and analyzed for 10 min time windows.
RESULTS
The subjective fatigue rating in the KSS decreased significantly after ABE compared to placebo. This was still significant about 100 minutes after stimulation. The ABE led to a significant increase in EEG beta activity compared to placebo. This was still significant about 80 minutes after stimulation. Furthermore, the ABE led to a significant decrease in theta activity compared to placebo. This was still significant about 70 minutes after stimulation and was more pronounced during daytime driving. Faster reaction times were observed for the ABE compared to the placebo condition during day and night driving. The faster reaction times were partly significant for the ABE still 80 minutes after stimulation.
CONCLUSION
Positive effects of ABE during driving could be demonstrated on the subjective, physiological and performance level. The effect was more pronounced during the day than at night. No negative side effects of Beta Stimulation were observed. The stimulation in the beta frequency range led to an increase of beta activity in the EEG.
目的
长时间驾驶或夜间驾驶后，道路交通中可能会出现疲劳，并导致警觉性危险降低或微睡眠。作为一种对策，研究了通过调频音乐对大脑进行刺激的效果。同时感知到双耳的两种不同声音之间的小频率变化（例如 400 和 418 Hz）刺激大脑增加受刺激范围内的活动（例如 18 Hz）。
方法
在 80 名受试者中，在白天和夜间驾驶（每组 40 名）期间，将声驱脑同步（ABE）在 EEG β 范围内（12-20 Hz）的效果与安慰剂进行了比较。在主观方面（卡罗林斯卡困倦量表，KSS）、生理方面（EEG）和表现水平（注意力测试测试包，TAP）上检查了效果。测试驾驶在高速公路上进行。事件顺序和测量时间：实验室准备（60 分钟；TAP 和 KSS），驾驶（90 分钟/天，180 分钟/夜；每 30 分钟测量一次 KSS），驾驶时进行β/安慰剂刺激（20 分钟），休息（20 分钟；TAP 和 KSS），驾驶（60 分钟；每 30 分钟测量一次 KSS），驾驶结束（40 分钟；TAP 和 KSS）。连续记录 EEG（Fz、Cz、Pz、C3、C4）并分析 10 分钟的时间窗口。
结果
与安慰剂相比，ABE 后 KSS 的主观疲劳评分明显降低。刺激后约 100 分钟仍保持显著。与安慰剂相比，ABE 导致 EEG β 活动显著增加。刺激后约 80 分钟仍保持显著。此外，与安慰剂相比，ABE 导致θ活动显著减少。刺激后约 70 分钟仍保持显著，并且在白天驾驶时更为明显。与安慰剂条件相比，ABE 时的反应时间更快。在白天和夜间驾驶时，ABE 后的更快反应时间在某些情况下具有统计学意义。未观察到 Beta 刺激的负面副作用。β 频率范围内的刺激导致 EEG 中β 活动的增加。
结论
在驾驶过程中，ABE 表现出积极的效果，体现在主观、生理和表现水平上。在白天的效果比夜间更明显。没有观察到β刺激的负面作用。β 频率范围内的刺激导致 EEG 中β 活动的增加。
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