Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Accid Anal Prev. 2018 Dec;121:301-313. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.05.008. Epub 2018 May 18.
Education is a frequently recommended remedy for driver sleepiness in occupational settings, although not many studies have examined its usefulness. To date, there are no previous on-road randomized controlled trials investigating the benefits of training on sleepiness among employees working in road transport. To examine the effects of an educational intervention on long-haul truck drivers' sleepiness at the wheel, amount of sleep between work shifts, and use of efficient sleepiness countermeasures (SCM) in association with night and non-night shift, a total of 53 truck drivers operating from southern Finland were allocated into an intervention and a control group using a stratified randomization method (allocation ratio for intervention and control groups 32:21, respectively). The intervention group received a 3.5-hour alertness management training followed by a two-month consultation period and motivational self-evaluation tasks two and 4-5 months after the training, while the control group had an opportunity to utilize their usual statutory occupational health care services. The outcomes were measured under drivers' natural working and shift conditions over a period of two weeks before and after the intervention using unobtrusive data-collection methods including the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale measuring on-duty sleepiness, a combination of actigraphy and a sleep-log measuring sleep between duty hours, and self-report questionnaire items measuring the use of SCMs while on duty. The data analysis followed a per-protocol analysis. Results of the multilevel regression models showed no significant intervention-related improvements in driver sleepiness, prior sleep, or use of SCMs while working on night and early morning shifts compared to day and/or evening shifts. The current study failed to provide support for a feasible non-recurrent alertness-management training being effective remedy for driver sleepiness in occupational settings. These results cannot, however, be interpreted as evidence against alertness management training in general but propose that driver education is not a sufficient measure as such to alleviate driver sleepiness.
教育是职业环境中治疗驾驶员困倦的常用方法，尽管很少有研究考察其有效性。迄今为止，尚无先前的道路随机对照试验研究过在道路运输行业工作的员工接受培训对困倦的影响。为了检验教育干预对长途卡车司机在方向盘上的困倦程度、轮班之间的睡眠时间以及夜间和非夜间轮班时使用有效困倦对策（SCM）的影响，总共对来自芬兰南部的 53 名卡车司机进行了分组，使用分层随机化方法（干预组和对照组的分配比例分别为 32:21）。干预组接受了 3.5 小时的警觉性管理培训，随后进行了为期两个月的咨询期，并在培训后两个月和 4-5 个月进行了动机自我评估任务，而对照组则有机会利用他们通常的法定职业保健服务。在干预前后的两周内，根据驾驶员的自然工作和轮班条件，使用包括卡尔斯鲁厄困倦量表（用于测量值班困倦）、活动记录仪和睡眠日志（用于测量值班时间之间的睡眠）以及自我报告问卷项（用于测量值班时使用 SCM）在内的非干扰性数据收集方法进行了结果测量。数据分析遵循方案分析。多水平回归模型的结果表明，与白天和/或晚上轮班相比，干预组在夜间和清晨轮班时，驾驶员困倦、先前睡眠或使用 SCM 方面没有显著的干预相关改善。本研究未能为可行的非复发性警觉性管理培训提供支持，认为其是职业环境中治疗驾驶员困倦的有效方法。然而，这些结果不能解释为警觉性管理培训普遍无效的证据，而是表明驾驶员教育本身并不是缓解驾驶员困倦的充分措施。
