Department of Psychology, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
Department of Psychology, Cattolica University, 20123 Milan, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 8;18(2):453. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020453.
The COVID-19 pandemic put the Italian health system under great stress. The sudden reorganization of work practices and the emotional impact of the large number of the victims had many consequences on the well-being of the healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in managing the crisis. In the available literature, most studies have focused on the risk aspects while only few studies also take into account protective factors. For this reason, it was decided to conduct, within psycho-sociological perspective, a qualitative study with the aim to explore in depth the protective and risk factors as experienced by HCPs who worked in the Italian healthcare system during the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with HCPs-9 nurses and 10 physicians (7M and 12F) with an average age of 43 (SD = 13.4)-selected using snowball sampling. Considering three different levels of analysis the results highlight the protective and risk factors: personal history level (intrinsic/ethical motivation and flexible role versus extrinsic motivation and static role), interpersonal level (perception of supportive relationships with colleagues, patients, and family versus bad relationships), and organizational level (good leadership and sustainable work purpose versus absence of support from management and undefined or confused tasks).
COVID-19 大流行给意大利的卫生系统带来了巨大压力。工作实践的突然重组和大量受害者带来的情绪影响，对参与管理危机的医疗保健专业人员（HCP）的健康福祉产生了许多影响。在现有的文献中，大多数研究都集中在风险方面，而只有少数研究还考虑了保护因素。出于这个原因，决定从心理社会学的角度进行一项定性研究，旨在深入探讨在 COVID-19 爆发期间在意大利医疗保健系统工作的 HCP 所经历的保护因素和风险因素。共对 19 名 HCP（9 名护士和 10 名医生[7 名男性和 12 名女性]）进行了半结构化访谈，他们的平均年龄为 43 岁（SD = 13.4），采用滚雪球抽样法选择。考虑到三个不同的分析层次，结果突出了保护因素和风险因素：个人历史层次（内在/道德动机和灵活角色与外在动机和静态角色）、人际层次（与同事、患者和家人的关系的感知与不良关系）和组织层次（良好的领导和可持续的工作目的与管理层缺乏支持和未定义或混乱的任务）。
