Bornstein Marc H, Cote Linda R
Child and Family Research National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Infancy. 2005 May;7(3):299-316. doi: 10.1207/s15327078in0703_5. Epub 2005 May 1.
This study compared multiple characteristics of girls' and boys' vocabulary in 6 different linguistic communities-1 urban and 1 rural setting in each of 3 countries. Two hundred fifty-two mothers in Argentina, Italy, and the United States completed vocabulary checklists for their 20-month-old children. Individual variability was substantial within each linguistic community. Minimal cross-linguistic differences were found in children's vocabulary size; however, differences among languages in the composition of children's vocabularies appeared possibly related to cultural valuing of different categories of words. Ecological setting differences within cultures appeared in children's vocabulary size, even when the composition of children's vocabularies was examined: Children living in urban areas were reported by their mothers to say significantly more words than children living in rural areas, particularly for Argentine and U.S. children. Girls had consistently larger vocabularies than boys. These findings are discussed in terms of contextual and child factors that together influence first language learning.
本研究比较了6个不同语言社区中女孩和男孩词汇的多个特征——3个国家各有1个城市环境和1个农村环境。阿根廷、意大利和美国的252位母亲为她们20个月大的孩子完成了词汇清单。每个语言社区内的个体差异都很大。在儿童词汇量方面，跨语言差异极小；然而，不同语言中儿童词汇的构成差异似乎可能与对不同类别词汇的文化重视有关。即使在研究儿童词汇构成时，文化内部的生态环境差异也体现在儿童词汇量上：母亲报告称，居住在城市地区的儿童比居住在农村地区的儿童说出的词汇明显更多，尤其是阿根廷和美国的儿童。女孩的词汇量一直比男孩大。本文从共同影响第一语言学习的背景因素和儿童因素方面对这些发现进行了讨论。
