Rescorla Leslie, Constants Holly, Bialecka-Pikul Marta, Stepien-Nycz Malgorzata, Ochal Anna
Bryn Mawr College, PA.
Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017 Apr 14;60(4):1029-1035. doi: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-L-15-0385.
The objective of this study was to compare vocabulary size and composition in 2-year-olds learning Polish or English as measured by the Language Development Survey (LDS; Rescorla, 1989).
Participants were 199 Polish toddlers (M = 24.14 months, SD = 0.35) and 422 U.S. toddlers (M = 24.69 months, SD = 0.78).
Test-retest reliability was .92, internal consistency was .99, and concurrent validity was .55. Girls had higher vocabulary scores than boys. Mean LDS score was significantly lower in Polish than in English, and fewer Polish children had LDS scores >200 words. Also, more words were reported for <25% of the children, and fewer words were reported for ≥75% of the children, in Polish than in English. The cross-linguistic correlation for word frequencies was .44. Noun dominance was comparable in the two languages, and 55 cross-linguistic word matches were found among the top 100 words. Although more Polish than U.S. children had <50 words (18.1% vs. 8.3%), children with <50 words and those with ≥50 words were generally acquiring the same words.
Vocabulary acquisition appeared to be slower in Polish than in English, probably because of the complexity of the language. However, the languages were very similar with respect to vocabulary composition findings.
本研究的目的是比较通过语言发展调查问卷（LDS；雷斯考拉，1989年）测量的学习波兰语或英语的2岁儿童的词汇量和词汇构成。
参与者为199名波兰幼儿（平均年龄M = 24.14个月，标准差SD = 0.35）和422名美国幼儿（平均年龄M = 24.69个月，标准差SD = 0.78）。
重测信度为0.92，内部一致性为0.99，同时效度为0.55。女孩的词汇得分高于男孩。波兰语儿童的平均LDS得分显著低于英语儿童，且LDS得分超过200个单词的波兰儿童更少。此外，与英语相比，波兰语中报告的词汇量在不到25%的儿童中更多，而在75%及以上的儿童中更少。词汇频率的跨语言相关性为0.44。两种语言中名词的主导地位相当，在前100个单词中发现了55个跨语言的词汇匹配。尽管词汇量不到50个单词的波兰儿童比美国儿童更多（18.1%对8.3%），但词汇量不到50个单词的儿童和词汇量在50个及以上的儿童通常学习的是相同的词汇。
波兰语儿童的词汇习得似乎比英语儿童慢，这可能是由于语言的复杂性。然而，在词汇构成方面，两种语言非常相似。
