Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021 Jun 1;53(6):1188-1193. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002588.
Reductions in skeletal muscle mass, beginning after the third decade of life, reduce maximal neuromuscular power (Pmax). Maximal aerobic power generation is also reduced. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of maximal power cycling (PC) training using an inertial load ergometer on skeletal muscle mass and cardiovascular function in untrained 50- to 68-yr-old participants.
The study used a pre- or postoutcome exercise intervention testing untrained 50- to 68-yr-old adults (n = 39, M = 15, mean ± SE = 58.5 ± 0.8, range = 50-68 yr). Over the course of 8 wk, participants performed 15 min of training 3 times per week. Each session involved repeated (15-30 times) 4-s sprints of PC. Measurements were thigh muscle volume, total body lean mass, Pmax, peak oxygen consumption, cardio-ankle vascular index, performance on functional tests of living (FTLChair and FTLRamp), and intermuscular fat volume.
Training for 8 wk increased thigh muscle volume (3.7% ± 0.9%, P < 0.001) and total body lean mass (1.5% ± 0.4%, P < 0.01) while increasing total body mass (TBM) (1.4% ± 0.3%, P < 0.01). Physical performance measures increased significantly (all P < 0.05) with improvements in Pmax (12.0% ± 1.5%); peak oxygen consumption (9.8% ± 1.8%), and FTL (8.5% ± 1.3% to 17.2% ± 2%). Cardio-ankle vascular index was significantly decreased -2.3% ± 1.1% (P < 0.05), indicating reduced arterial stiffness.
These results demonstrate that 8 wk of PC training at true maximal power was effective at increasing muscle mass and maximal power, as well as maximal cardiovascular capacity and functional tasks in untrained 50- to 68-yr-olds.
骨骼肌质量从 30 多岁开始减少，从而降低最大神经肌肉力量（Pmax）。最大有氧生成能力也会降低。本研究的主要目的是调查使用惯性负荷测功计进行最大功率循环（PC）训练对未经训练的 50 至 68 岁参与者的骨骼肌质量和心血管功能的有效性。
该研究使用了一种预先或事后的运动干预测试方法，对未经训练的 50 至 68 岁成年人（n = 39，M = 15，平均值 ± SE = 58.5 ± 0.8，范围 50-68 岁）进行了测试。在 8 周的时间里，参与者每周进行 3 次 15 分钟的训练。每次训练包括重复（15-30 次）4 秒的 PC 冲刺。测量指标包括大腿肌肉量、全身瘦体重、Pmax、峰值耗氧量、心踝血管指数、生活功能测试（FTLChair 和 FTLRamp）的表现以及肌肉间脂肪量。
经过 8 周的训练，大腿肌肉量增加了 3.7% ± 0.9%（P < 0.001），全身瘦体重增加了 1.5% ± 0.4%（P < 0.01），同时全身质量（TBM）增加了 1.4% ± 0.3%（P < 0.01）。所有指标均显著增加（均 P < 0.05），包括 Pmax 增加 12.0% ± 1.5%；峰值耗氧量增加 9.8% ± 1.8%；FTL 增加 8.5% ± 1.3%至 17.2% ± 2%。心踝血管指数显著降低 -2.3% ± 1.1%（P < 0.05），表明动脉僵硬程度降低。
这些结果表明，8 周的真实最大功率 PC 训练可有效增加未经训练的 50 至 68 岁人群的肌肉质量和最大力量，以及最大心血管能力和功能任务。
