Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Geriatrics, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
Age Ageing. 2024 Oct 1;53(10). doi: 10.1093/ageing/afae226.
This study investigated the effectiveness of supramaximal high-intensity interval training (supramaximal HIT) on muscle capacities and physical function compared to moderate-intensity training (MIT) for older adults.
Sixty-eight older adults (66-79 years, 56% women), not engaged in regular exercise, were randomised to 3 months of twice-weekly supramaximal HIT (20 minutes including 10 × 6-second intervals) or MIT (40 minutes including 3 × 8-minute intervals). Both groups performed the training on stationary bicycles in a group setting. Target intensity was watt-controlled, with standardised cadence and individualised resistance. Outcomes analysed with linear-mixed models included leg power (Nottingham Power Rig), hand grip strength (Jamar dynamometer), static and dynamic balance (One leg stance, 30-second step test), chair stand (30-second chair stand), and anaerobic cycling performance (modified Borg Cycle Strength Test).
Baseline values were (supramaximal HIT/MIT, mean ± SD) leg power 198 ± 60/189 ± 53 W, hand grip strength 4.2 ± 1.0/4.3 ± 1.1 N/kg, static balance 64 ± 41/62 ± 41 s, dynamic balance 39 ± 7/38 ± 5 steps, chair stands 22 ± 6/22 ± 6 and anaerobic cycling performance 224 ± 60/217 ± 55 W. At 3-month follow-up, a between-group difference in favour of supramaximal HIT [95% CI] was observed in anaerobic cycling performance of 19[3;35] W. Within-group mean changes for supramaximal HIT/MIT were for leg power 8.4[0.9;15.8]/6.0[-1.3;13.3] W, hand grip strength 0.14[0.00;0.27]/0.13[-0.01;0.26] N/kg, static balance 11[3;20]/10[1;18] s, dynamic balance 1.6[0.3;2.8]/2.3[1.1;3.6] steps, 2.1[1.1;3.1]/1.4[0.4;2.3] chair stands and anaerobic cycling performance 31.3[19.6;43.0]/12.0[0.4;23.5] W.
Supramaximal HIT showed superior effect on anaerobic cycling performance when compared to MIT. Additionally, the results indicate that supramaximal HIT is comparably beneficial as MIT in terms of effects on muscle capacity and physical function for older adults.
本研究旨在比较超最大强度间歇训练（supramaximal HIT）与中等强度训练（MIT）对老年人肌肉能力和身体功能的影响。
68 名老年人（66-79 岁，56%为女性），不参加常规运动，被随机分为 3 个月每周两次的超最大强度 HIT（20 分钟，包括 10×6 秒间隔）或 MIT（40 分钟，包括 3×8 分钟间隔）。两组均在自行车组中进行训练。目标强度通过瓦特控制，标准节拍和个性化阻力。使用线性混合模型分析的结果包括腿部力量（诺丁汉功率测试）、手握力（Jamar 测力计）、静态和动态平衡（单腿站立，30 秒踏步测试）、坐站（30 秒坐站）和无氧自行车性能（改良 Borg 循环强度测试）。
基线值（超最大 HIT/MIT，平均值±标准差）腿部力量为 198±60/189±53 W，手握力为 4.2±1.0/4.3±1.1 N/kg，静态平衡为 64±41/62±41 s，动态平衡为 39±7/38±5 步，坐站为 22±6/22±6，无氧自行车性能为 224±60/217±55 W。在 3 个月的随访中，超最大 HIT 组在无氧自行车性能方面优于 MIT [95%置信区间]，差异为 19[3;35] W。超最大 HIT/MIT 组的组内平均变化分别为腿部力量 8.4[0.9;15.8]/6.0[-1.3;13.3] W，手握力 0.14[0.00;0.27]/0.13[-0.01;0.26] N/kg，静态平衡 11[3;20]/10[1;18] s，动态平衡 1.6[0.3;2.8]/2.3[1.1;3.6] 步，2.1[1.1;3.1]/1.4[0.4;2.3] 坐站和无氧自行车性能 31.3[19.6;43.0]/12.0[0.4;23.5] W。
与 MIT 相比，超最大强度间歇训练对无氧自行车性能的影响更优。此外，结果表明，超最大强度 HIT 在肌肉能力和身体功能方面对老年人的益处与 MIT 相当。
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