Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Creta Interclinic, 71304 Heraklion, Greece.
Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Testing and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
Adv Respir Med. 2023 Jun 7;91(3):239-253. doi: 10.3390/arm91030019.
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common problem in elite athletes. Classical pathways in the development of EIB include the osmotic and thermal theory as well as the presence of epithelial injury in the airway, with local water loss being the main trigger of EIB. This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic hydration on pulmonary function and to establish whether it can reverse dehydration-induced alterations in pulmonary function.
This follow-up study was performed among professional cyclists, without a history of asthma and/or atopy. Anthropometric characteristics were recorded for all participants, and the training age was determined. In addition, pulmonary function tests and specific markers such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were measured. All the athletes underwent body composition analysis and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). After CPET, spirometry was followed at the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 15th, and 30th min. This study was divided into two phases: before and after hydration. Cyclists, who experienced a decrease in Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV) ≥ 10% and/or Maximal Mild-Expiratory Flow Rate (MEF) ≥ 20% after CPET in relation to the results of the spirometry before CPET, repeated the test in 15-20 days, following instructions for hydration.
One hundred male cyclists ( = 100) participated in Phase A. After exercise, there was a decrease in all spirometric parameters ( < 0.001). In Phase B, after hydration, in all comparisons, the changes in spirometric values were significantly lower than those in Phase A ( < 0.001).
The findings of this study suggest that professional cyclists have non-beneficial effects on respiratory function. Additionally, we found that systemic hydration has a positive effect on spirometry in cyclists. Of particular interest are small airways, which appear to be affected independently or in combination with the decrease in FEV. Our data suggest that pulmonary function improves systemic after hydration.
运动性支气管收缩（EIB）是精英运动员中常见的问题。EIB 发展的经典途径包括渗透和热理论以及气道上皮损伤的存在，局部失水是 EIB 的主要触发因素。本研究旨在探讨全身水化对肺功能的影响，并确定其是否能逆转脱水引起的肺功能改变。
这项随访研究是在没有哮喘和/或特应性病史的职业自行车运动员中进行的。所有参与者都记录了人体测量特征，并确定了训练年龄。此外，还测量了肺功能测试和特定标志物，如呼出气一氧化氮分数（FeNO）和免疫球蛋白 E（IgE）。所有运动员都进行了身体成分分析和心肺运动测试（CPET）。CPET 后，在第 3、5、10、15 和 30 分钟时进行了肺活量测定。这项研究分为两个阶段：水化前和水化后。在 CPET 后，与 CPET 前肺活量测定的结果相比，用力呼气量（FEV）下降≥ 10%和/或最大轻度呼气流量（MEF）下降≥ 20%的自行车运动员，在 15-20 天后按照水化说明重复测试。
100 名男性自行车运动员（n=100）参加了 A 阶段。运动后，所有肺活量测定参数均下降（<0.001）。在 B 阶段，水化后，所有比较中，肺活量测定值的变化均明显低于 A 阶段（<0.001）。
本研究结果表明，职业自行车运动员的呼吸功能没有受益。此外，我们发现全身水化对自行车运动员的肺活量测定有积极影响。特别值得关注的是小气道，它们似乎是单独或与 FEV 下降一起受到影响。我们的数据表明，水化后肺功能全身改善。
