National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Chemistry. 2021 Mar 26;27(18):5817-5829. doi: 10.1002/chem.202004828. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Biofunctionalized TiO nanoparticles with a size range of 18.42±1.3 nm were synthesized in a single-step approach employing Grape seed extract (GSE) proanthocyanin (PAC) polyphenols. The effect of PACs rich GSE corona was examined with respect to 1) the stability and dispersity of as-synthesized GSE-TiO -NPs, 2) their antiproliferative and antibiofilm efficacy, and 3) their propensity for internalization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in urinary tract infections (UTIs) causing Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains. State-of-the-art techniques were used to validate GSE-TiO -NPs formation. Comparative Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis demonstrated that PACs linked functional -OH groups likely play a central role in Ti reduction and nucleation to GSE-TiO -NPs, while forming a thin, soft corona around nascent NPs to attribute significantly enhanced stability and dispersity. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass-spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analyses confirmed there was significantly (p<0.05) enhanced intracellular uptake of GSE-TiO -NPs in both Gram-negative and -positive test uropathogens as compared to bare TiO -NPs. Correspondingly, compared to bare NPs, GSE-TiO -NPs induced intracellular ROS formation that corresponded well with dose-dependent inhibitory patterns of cell proliferation and biofilm formation in both the tested strains. Overall, this study demonstrates that -OH rich PACs of GSE corona on biogenic TiO -NPs maximized the functional stability, dispersity and propensity of penetration into planktonic cells and biofilm matrices. Such unique merits warrant the use of GSE-TiO -NPs as a novel, functionally stable and efficient antibacterial nano-formulation to combat the menace of UTIs in clinical settings.
采用葡萄籽提取物 (GSE) 原花青素 (PAC) 多酚，通过一步法合成了尺寸范围为 18.42±1.3nm 的生物功能化 TiO 纳米粒子。研究了 PAC 丰富的 GSE 冠对以下方面的影响：1）合成的 GSE-TiO -NPs 的稳定性和分散性；2）它们的抗增殖和抗生物膜功效；3）它们在尿路感染（UTIs）中内化和产生活性氧（ROS）的倾向，引起革兰氏阴性假单胞菌和革兰氏阳性腐生葡萄球菌。采用最先进的技术来验证 GSE-TiO -NPs 的形成。比较傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱分析表明，PAC 连接的 -OH 基团可能在 Ti 还原和成核过程中发挥核心作用，形成 GSE-TiO -NPs，同时在初生 NPs 周围形成一层薄而软的冠，从而显著提高稳定性和分散性。透射电子显微镜（TEM）和电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）分析证实，与 bare TiO -NPs 相比，GSE-TiO -NPs 在革兰氏阴性和阳性尿路病原体中的细胞内摄取量显著增加（p<0.05）。相应地，与 bare NPs 相比，GSE-TiO -NPs 诱导细胞内 ROS 形成，这与两种受试菌株中细胞增殖和生物膜形成的剂量依赖性抑制模式非常吻合。总体而言，这项研究表明，GSE 冠上富含 -OH 的 PAC 最大限度地提高了生物生成 TiO -NPs 的功能稳定性、分散性和穿透浮游细胞和生物膜基质的倾向。这种独特的优点使得 GSE-TiO -NPs 成为一种新型的、功能稳定且高效的抗菌纳米制剂，可用于临床应对 UTIs 的威胁。
