Phyto-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles From Root Extract: Broad-Spectrum Attenuation of Biofilm and Cytotoxic Properties Against HepG2 Cell Lines.

There is grave necessity to counter the menace of drug-resistant biofilms of pathogens using nanomaterials. Moreover, we need to produce nanoparticles (NPs) using inexpensive clean biological approaches that demonstrate broad-spectrum inhibition of microbial biofilms and cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines. In the current research work, titanium dioxide (TiO) NPs were fabricated through an environmentally friendly green process using the root extract of as the stabilizing and reducing agent to examine its antibiofilm and anticancer potential. Further, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques were used for determining the crystallinity, functional groups involved, shape, size, thermal behavior, surface area, and porosity measurement, respectively, of the synthesized TiO NPs. Antimicrobial potential of the TiO NPs was determined by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against , , methicillin-resistant , , , and . Furthermore, at levels below the MIC (0.5 × MIC), TiO NPs demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilm formation (43-71%) and mature biofilms (24-64%) in all test pathogens. Cell death due to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be responsible for the impaired biofilm production in TiO NP-treated pathogens. The synthesized NPs induced considerable reduction in the viability of HepG2 and could prove effective in controlling liver cancer. In summary, the green synthesized TiO NPs demonstrate multifarious biological properties and could be used as an anti-infective agent to treat biofilm-based infections and cancer.