Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Chronobiol Int. 2021 Apr;38(4):489-500. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1867157. Epub 2021 Jan 13.
Associations between certain personality traits and individual differences in diurnal preferences, referred to as morningness-eveningness, are well established from cross-sectional studies. However, it is unclear whether personality affects diurnal preference, diurnal preference affects personality, or some third factor influences both. The current study assessed the Big Five personality traits and morningness-eveningness in a one-year, two-wave longitudinal design, in a sample of 169 Polish high school students (59% females), aged 16-17 years (M = 16.80, SD = 0.39) during the first wave of measurement. During the second wave the participants were respectively 1 year older. Cross lagged panel analyses were run to determine wave 1 predictors of wave 2 variables. Cross-sectional analyses replicated the association between morningness and conscientiousness that has been reliably found in previous studies, but the cross-lagged paths between these variables were nonsignificant. These two traits appear to be intrinsically linked to one another by adolescence, possibly as a consequence of genetic influences that shape temperament earlier in childhood. In contrast, emotional stability and morningness were not significantly correlated in wave 1 cross-sectional data, but a significant relationship was found in the cross-lagged panel analysis. Wave 1 emotional stability predicted wave 2 morningness, although wave 1 morningness did not predict personality. We tentatively suggest that there may be a causal effect of personality on diurnal preference, associated with avoidance strategies for coping with academic stress as the high school years approach their end. More neurotic individuals may cope with their aversion to classes by distracting themselves with evening pursuits, such as use of the internet. Further work might examine in more depth how contextual stressors interact with personality to affect daily activities at different times of the day.
某些人格特质与昼夜偏好（即晨型-晚型）的个体差异之间的关联已从横断面研究中得到很好的证实。然而，目前尚不清楚人格是否会影响昼夜偏好，昼夜偏好是否会影响人格，或者是否有一些其他因素同时影响这两者。本研究在一个为期一年的两波纵向设计中，评估了 169 名波兰高中生（59%为女性）的大五人格特质和晨型-晚型，这些学生在第一次测量时年龄为 16-17 岁（M=16.80，SD=0.39）。在第二次测量时，参与者分别年长一岁。交叉滞后面板分析用于确定第一波变量对第二波变量的预测。横断面分析复制了以往研究中可靠发现的晨型与尽责性之间的关联，但这些变量之间的交叉滞后路径没有统计学意义。这两个特征在青春期似乎彼此内在地联系在一起，这可能是由于塑造儿童早期气质的遗传影响。相比之下，情绪稳定性和晨型在第一波横断面数据中没有显著相关，但在交叉滞后面板分析中发现了显著关系。第一波情绪稳定性预测第二波晨型，尽管第一波晨型没有预测人格。我们推测，人格对昼夜偏好可能存在因果效应，这与高中生接近毕业时回避应对学业压力的策略有关。神经质程度较高的人可能会通过在晚上从事娱乐活动（如上网）来分散注意力，从而应对对上课的厌恶。进一步的研究可能会更深入地研究环境压力源如何与人格相互作用，影响一天中不同时间的日常活动。
