Lenneis Anita, Vainik Uku, Teder-Laving Maris, Ausmees Liisi, Lemola Sakari, Allik Jüri, Realo Anu
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK.
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
J Pers. 2021 Dec;89(6):1206-1222. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12645. Epub 2021 Jun 9.
Diurnal preferences have been linked to personality but often with mixed results. The present study examines the relationships between sleep timing (chronotype), diurnal preferences, and the Five-Factor Model of personality traits at the phenotypic and genetic level.
Self- and informant-reports of the NEO Personality Inventory-3, self-reports of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and DNA samples were available for 2,515 Estonian adults (M = 45.76 years; 59% females). Genetic correlations were obtained through summary statistics of genome-wide association studies.
Results showed that higher Conscientiousness and lower Openness to Experience were significant predictors of earlier chronotype. At the level of facets, we found that more straightforward (A2) and excitement-seeking (E5), yet less self-disciplined (C5) people were more likely to have later chronotypes. The nuance-level Polypersonality score was correlated with chronotype at r = .28 (p < .001). Conscientiousness and Openness were genetically related with diurnal preferences. The polygenic score for morningness-eveningness significantly predicted the Polypersonality score.
Phenotypic measures of chronotype and personality showed significant associations at all three of levels of the personality hierarchy. Our findings indicate that the relationship between personality and morningness-eveningness is partly due to genetic factors. Future studies are necessary to further refine the relationship.
昼夜偏好与人格有关，但结果往往参差不齐。本研究在表型和基因水平上考察了睡眠时间（昼夜节律类型）、昼夜偏好与人格特质五因素模型之间的关系。
共有2515名爱沙尼亚成年人（平均年龄M = 45.76岁；59%为女性）提供了新人格量表-3的自评和他人报告、慕尼黑昼夜节律问卷的自评报告以及DNA样本。通过全基因组关联研究的汇总统计数据获得遗传相关性。
结果表明，较高的尽责性和较低的开放性经验是较早昼夜节律类型的显著预测因素。在特质层面，我们发现更直率（A2）、寻求刺激（E5）但自律性较低（C5）的人更有可能具有较晚的昼夜节律类型。细微层面的多元人格得分与昼夜节律类型的相关系数r = 0.28（p < 0.001）。尽责性和开放性与昼夜偏好存在遗传关联。晨型-夜型的多基因得分显著预测了多元人格得分。
昼夜节律类型和人格的表型测量在人格层次结构的所有三个层面均显示出显著关联。我们的研究结果表明，人格与晨型-夜型之间的关系部分归因于遗传因素。未来有必要进行进一步研究以细化这种关系。
