Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
Solas Cymru, Newport, Wales UK.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Jun;37(11-12):NP10036-NP10059. doi: 10.1177/0886260520985490. Epub 2021 Jan 12.
Previous work has shown that self-esteem is related to aggression and violence. However, self-esteem is a multidimensional construct, and so we isolated self-esteem related to agency (e.g., competence and assertiveness) and self-esteem related to communion (e.g., warmth and morality) using both explicit and implicit techniques and examined their relationship to two forms of aggression (proactive and reactive aggression) in two samples. In an undergraduate sample ( = 130), high levels of explicit agency were associated with increased aggression but only for those with low implicit agency. On the other hand, high levels of either explicit or implicit communion showed reduced proactive aggression, while high levels of explicit communion were also associated with low levels of reactive aggression. In a community sample of people with problems due to homelessness ( = 101), we found that high levels of explicit communion were also associated with lower levels of both forms of aggression. The results show that different aspects of self-esteem, namely agency and communion, have quite different relationships to aggression and that implicit measures of these self-evaluations are also important constructs in the prediction of aggression. Implicit measures of self-esteem could be used by clinicians to understand the motivations behind an individual's aggression and its management.
先前的研究表明，自尊与攻击和暴力行为有关。然而，自尊是一个多维度的结构，因此我们使用内隐和外显技术将与能动性（例如，能力和果断性）相关的自尊与与共通性（例如，温暖和道德）相关的自尊区分开来，并在两个样本中考察它们与两种形式的攻击（主动攻击和反应性攻击）之间的关系。在本科生样本（n=130）中，高外显能动性与攻击性增加有关，但仅对那些内隐能动性较低的人而言。另一方面，高内隐或外显共通性都与主动攻击减少有关，而高外显共通性也与低反应性攻击有关。在一个因无家可归而出现问题的社区人群样本中（n=101），我们发现高外显共通性也与两种形式的攻击都较低有关。研究结果表明，自尊的不同方面，即能动性和共通性，与攻击行为的关系截然不同，这些自我评估的内隐测量也是预测攻击行为的重要结构。临床医生可以使用内隐自尊测量来了解个体攻击行为背后的动机及其管理。
