Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 12;11(1):768. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80837-6.
Allium is one of the well-known genera of the Amaryllidaceae family, which contains over 780 species. Onions, garlic, leeks, and shallots are the most important species of this genus. Allium hirtifolium (shallot) is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and bioactive compounds such as organic sulfur compounds with an expansive range of biological activities and medicinal attributes. To identify the putative compounds and genes involved in the organic sulfur pathway, we applied GC-MS and RNA-seq techniques for the bulb, stem, and flower tissues of A. hirtifolium. The essential oil analysis revealed the maximum amount of sulfur compounds in stem against flower and bulb tissues. Transcriptome profiling showed 6155, 6494, and 4259 DEGs for bulb vs. flower, bulb vs. stem, and flower vs. stem, respectively. Overall, more genes were identified as being up-regulated rather than down-regulated in flower tissue compared to the stem and bulb tissues. Our findings in accordance with other results from different papers, suggest that carbohydrates are vital to bulb formation and development because a high number of identified DEGs (586 genes) were mapped to carbohydrate metabolism. This study has detected the genes in the organic sulfur pathway and indicated that the alliinase gene shows a high variability among different tissues. In general, this study formed a useful genomic resource data to explore tissue-specific sulfur pathway in A. hirtifolium, which is helpful for functional breeding.
Allium 是石蒜科的一个著名属，包含超过 780 个物种。洋葱、大蒜、韭菜和青葱是该属中最重要的物种。Allium hirtifolium（青葱）是蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、氨基酸和生物活性化合物（如具有广泛生物活性和药用特性的有机硫化合物）的丰富来源。为了鉴定有机硫途径中涉及的假定化合物和基因，我们应用 GC-MS 和 RNA-seq 技术对 A. hirtifolium 的鳞茎、茎和花组织进行了分析。精油分析表明，茎组织中的硫化合物含量最高，其次是花和鳞茎组织。转录组分析显示，鳞茎与花、鳞茎与茎和花与茎之间的差异表达基因分别为 6155、6494 和 4259 个。总的来说，与茎和鳞茎组织相比，花组织中上调基因的数量多于下调基因。与其他不同文献的结果一致，我们的研究结果表明，碳水化合物对鳞茎的形成和发育至关重要，因为大量鉴定的差异表达基因（586 个）被映射到碳水化合物代谢途径。本研究检测了有机硫途径中的基因，并表明不同组织中蒜氨酸酶基因具有很高的变异性。总的来说，本研究为在 A. hirtifolium 中探索组织特异性硫途径提供了有用的基因组资源数据，有助于功能育种。
