Bredon Marius, Depuydt Elisabeth, Brisson Lucas, Moulin Laurent, Charles Ciriac, Haenn Sophie, Moumen Bouziane, Bouchon Didier
UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France.
Eau de Paris, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement pour la Qualité de l'Eau, R&D Biologie, F-94200 Ivry sur Seine, France.
Microorganisms. 2021 Jan 11;9(1):148. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9010148.
The crucial role of microbes in the evolution, development, health, and ecological interactions of multicellular organisms is now widely recognized in the holobiont concept. However, the structure and stability of microbiota are highly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors, especially in the gut, which can be colonized by transient bacteria depending on the host's diet. We studied these impacts by manipulating the digestive microbiota of the detritivore and analyzing the consequences on its structure and function. Hosts were exposed to initial starvation and then were fed diets that varied the different components of lignocellulose. A total of 72 digestive microbiota were analyzed according to the type of the diet (standard or enriched in cellulose, lignin, or hemicellulose) and the period following dysbiosis. The results showed that microbiota from the hepatopancreas were very stable and resilient, while the most diverse and labile over time were found in the hindgut. Dysbiosis and selective diets may have affected the host fitness by altering the structure of the microbiota and its predicted functions. Overall, these modifications can therefore have effects not only on the holobiont, but also on the "eco-holobiont" conceptualization of macroorganisms.
微生物在多细胞生物的进化、发育、健康及生态相互作用中的关键作用如今在全生物概念中已得到广泛认可。然而，微生物群的结构和稳定性高度依赖于非生物和生物因素，尤其是在肠道中，肠道可能会被取决于宿主饮食的 transient 细菌定殖。我们通过操纵食碎屑动物的消化微生物群并分析其对结构和功能的影响来研究这些影响。宿主先经历初始饥饿，然后喂食改变木质纤维素不同成分的饮食。根据饮食类型（标准饮食或富含纤维素、木质素或半纤维素的饮食）以及生态失调后的时期，共分析了72个消化微生物群。结果表明，肝胰腺中的微生物群非常稳定且具有弹性，而后肠中的微生物群随时间变化最多样且最不稳定。生态失调和选择性饮食可能通过改变微生物群的结构及其预测功能来影响宿主健康。总体而言，这些改变因此不仅会对全生物产生影响，还会对大型生物的“生态全生物”概念化产生影响。
