Bianchi Eleonora, Ruggeri Marco, Rossi Silvia, Vigani Barbara, Miele Dalila, Bonferoni Maria Cristina, Sandri Giuseppina, Ferrari Franca
Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Pharmaceutics. 2021 Jan 11;13(1):89. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010089.
The tendon is a highly aligned connective tissue that transmits force from muscle to bone. Each year, more than 32 million tendon injuries have been reported, in fact, tendinopathies represent at least 50% of all sports injuries, and their incidence rates have increased in recent decades due to the aging population. Current clinical grafts used in tendon treatment are subject to several restrictions and there is a significant demand for alternative engineered tissue. For this reason, innovative strategies need to be explored. Tendon replacement and regeneration are complex since scaffolds need to guarantee an adequate hierarchical structured morphology and mechanical properties to stand the load. Moreover, to guide cell proliferation and growth, scaffolds should provide a fibrous network that mimics the collagen arrangement of the extracellular matrix in the tendons. This review focuses on tendon repair and regeneration. Particular attention has been devoted to the innovative approaches in tissue engineering. Advanced manufacturing techniques, such as electrospinning, soft lithography, and three-dimensional (3D) printing, have been described. Furthermore, biological augmentation has been considered, as an emerging strategy with great therapeutic potential.
肌腱是一种高度排列的结缔组织，它将力量从肌肉传递到骨骼。每年报告的肌腱损伤超过3200万例，事实上，肌腱病占所有运动损伤的至少50%，并且由于人口老龄化，其发病率在最近几十年有所增加。目前用于肌腱治疗的临床移植物存在若干限制，对替代工程组织有巨大需求。因此，需要探索创新策略。肌腱置换和再生很复杂，因为支架需要保证具有足够的分级结构形态和机械性能以承受负荷。此外，为了引导细胞增殖和生长，支架应提供模仿肌腱细胞外基质胶原排列的纤维网络。本综述聚焦于肌腱修复和再生。特别关注了组织工程中的创新方法。描述了先进制造技术，如电纺丝、软光刻和三维（3D）打印。此外，生物增强作为一种具有巨大治疗潜力的新兴策略也被考虑在内。
