School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; email:
National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2021 Mar 25;12:407-432. doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-070720-112725. Epub 2021 Jan 13.
Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and nontoxic aminopolysaccharide. This review summarizes and discusses the structural modifications, including substitution, grafting copolymerization, cross-linking, and hydrolysis, utilized to improve the physicochemical properties and enhance the bioactivity and functionality of chitosan and related materials. This manuscript also reviews the current progress and potential of chitosan and its derivatives in body-weight management and antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulatory activities as well as their ability to interact with gut microbiota. In addition, the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as functional ingredients in food systems, such as film and coating materials, and delivery systems is discussed. This manuscript aims to provide up-to-date information to stimulate future discussion and research to promote the value-added utilization of chitosan in improving the safety, quality, nutritional value and health benefits, and sustainability of our food system while reducing the environmental hazards.
壳聚糖是一种可生物降解、生物相容和无毒的氨基多糖。本综述总结和讨论了结构修饰，包括取代、接枝共聚、交联和水解，用于改善壳聚糖和相关材料的物理化学性质，并增强其生物活性和功能。本文还综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在体重管理和抗高脂血症、抗高血糖、抗高血压、抗菌抗氧化、抗炎和免疫刺激活性方面的最新进展和潜力，以及它们与肠道微生物群相互作用的能力。此外，还讨论了壳聚糖及其衍生物作为食品系统中的功能性成分的潜力，如薄膜和涂层材料以及递送系统。本文旨在提供最新信息，以激发未来的讨论和研究，促进壳聚糖在提高我们食品系统的安全性、质量、营养价值和健康益处以及可持续性的增值利用，同时减少环境危害。
