Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
BMC Pediatr. 2021 Jan 13;21(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12887-020-02456-4.
Milk feeding type (exclusive breastfeeding [EBF], formula feeding or mixed feeding) and timing of complementary feeding (CF) have been associated with infant growth. However, studies evaluating their combined role, and the role of ethnicity, are scarce. We examined associations of feeding patterns (milk feeding type combined with timing of CF) with infant body mass index (BMI) trajectories and potential ethnic-specific associations.
Infant feeding and BMI data during the 1st year of life from 3524 children (Dutch n = 2880, Moroccan n = 404 and Turkish n = 240) from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort were used. Six feeding patterns were defined: EBF/earlyCF, EBF/lateCF (reference), formula/earlyCF, formula/lateCF, mixed/earlyCF and mixed/lateCF. A covariate adjusted latent class mixed model was applied to simultaneously model BMI trajectories and associations with feeding patterns. Potential ethnic differences in the associations were studied in a separate model where interactions between ethnicity and feeding patterns were included.
Four distinct BMI trajectories (low, mid-low, mid-high and high) were identified. Feeding pattern of formula/earlyCF was associated with lower odds for low (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.76) or mid-high (0.28; 0.16, 0.51) (ref: high) trajectory compared with EBF/lateCF pattern (ref). An ethnic-specific model revealed that among Dutch infants, formula/earlyCF pattern was associated with lower odds for low trajectory (0.46; 0.24, 0.87), whereas among Turkish/Moroccan infants almost all feeding patterns were associated with lower odds for the low trajectory (ref: high).
Infant feeding patterns are associated with early BMI trajectories with specific ethnic differences. Future studies should take the role of ethnicity into account in the associations between infant feeding and growth.
母乳喂养类型（纯母乳喂养[EBF]、配方奶喂养或混合喂养）和补充喂养（CF）的时间与婴儿生长有关。然而，评估它们的综合作用以及种族作用的研究很少。我们检查了喂养模式（母乳喂养类型与 CF 时间的结合）与婴儿体重指数（BMI）轨迹的关联，以及潜在的特定种族的关联。
来自阿姆斯特丹出生的儿童及其发育（ABCD）队列的 3524 名儿童（荷兰 n=2880、摩洛哥 n=404 和土耳其 n=240）的 1 岁以下婴儿喂养和 BMI 数据用于研究。定义了 6 种喂养模式：EBF/早期 CF、EBF/晚期 CF（参考）、配方奶/早期 CF、配方奶/晚期 CF、混合/早期 CF 和混合/晚期 CF。应用协变量调整的潜在类别混合模型同时对 BMI 轨迹和与喂养模式的关联进行建模。在一个单独的模型中研究了潜在的种族差异，其中包括了种族和喂养模式之间的相互作用。
确定了 4 种不同的 BMI 轨迹（低、中低、中高和高）。与 EBF/晚期 CF 模式（参考）相比，配方奶/早期 CF 喂养模式与较低的低（OR：0.43；95%CI：0.25，0.76）或中高（0.28；0.16，0.51）（参考：高）轨迹的可能性相关。一个特定种族的模型显示，在荷兰婴儿中，配方奶/早期 CF 喂养模式与低轨迹的可能性较低（0.46；0.24，0.87）相关，而在土耳其/摩洛哥婴儿中，几乎所有的喂养模式都与低轨迹的可能性较低相关（参考：高）。
婴儿喂养模式与早期 BMI 轨迹相关，具有特定的种族差异。未来的研究应该考虑种族在婴儿喂养和生长之间的关联中的作用。
