Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P.R. China.
Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Int J Equity Health. 2021 Jan 13;20(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01374-2.
OBJECTIVE: In order to provide experiences for international epidemic control, this study systematically summarized the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control policies in Japan, Italy, China and Singapore, and also analyzed the possible inequalities that exist in these response approaches to improve global infectious disease control. METHODS: We summarized the epidemic prevention and control policies in Japan, Italy, China, and Singapore, and analyzed the policy effects of these four countries by using the data published by Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. RESULTS: As of May 27, 2020, the growing trend of new cases in Japan, Italy, China and Singapore has stabilized. However, the cumulative number of confirmed cases (231139) and case-fatality rate (14.3%) in Italy far exceeded those in the other three countries, and the effect of epidemic control was inferior. Singapore began to experience a domestic resurgence after April 5, with a cumulative number of confirmed cases reaching 32,876, but the case-fatality rate remained extremely low (0.1%). The growth of cumulative confirmed cases in China (84547) was almost stagnant, and the case-fatality rate was low (5.5%). The growth of cumulative confirmed cases in Japan (16661) increased slowly, and the case-fatality rate (4.8%) was slightly lower than that in China. CONCLUSION: This study divided the epidemic prevention and control policies of the four countries into two categories: the blocking measures adopted by China and Singapore, and the mitigation measures adopted by Japan and Italy. According to the Epidemic control results of these four countries, we can conclude that the blocking measures were generally effective. As the core strategy of blocking measures, admitting mild patients into hospital and cases tracing helped curb the spread of the outbreak in Singapore and China. Countries should choose appropriate response strategies on the premise of considering their own situation, increase investment in health resources to ensure global health equity, and eventually control the spread of infectious diseases in the world effectively.
目的：为了为国际疫情防控提供经验，本研究系统总结了日本、意大利、中国和新加坡 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的防控政策，并分析了这些应对措施中可能存在的不平等，以改善全球传染病控制。
方法：总结日本、意大利、中国和新加坡的疫情防控政策，利用约翰霍普金斯冠状病毒资源中心发布的数据对这四个国家的政策效果进行分析。
结果：截至 2020 年 5 月 27 日，日本、意大利、中国和新加坡的新增病例增长趋势已经稳定。然而，意大利的累计确诊病例数（231139 例）和病死率（14.3%）远远超过其他三个国家，防控效果较差。新加坡自 4 月 5 日开始出现国内疫情反弹，累计确诊病例数达到 32876 例，但病死率仍保持极低水平（0.1%）。中国的累计确诊病例数（84547 例）增长几乎停滞，病死率较低（5.5%）。日本的累计确诊病例数（16661 例）增长缓慢，病死率（4.8%）略低于中国。
结论：本研究将这四个国家的疫情防控政策分为中国和新加坡采取的阻断措施和日本、意大利采取的缓解措施两类。根据这四个国家的疫情防控结果可以得出，阻断措施通常是有效的。作为阻断措施的核心策略，收治轻症患者入院和病例追踪帮助新加坡和中国遏制了疫情的蔓延。各国应在考虑自身情况的前提下选择合适的应对策略，增加对卫生资源的投入，以确保全球卫生公平，最终有效控制世界范围内传染病的传播。
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