Ringin Elysha, Cropley Vanessa, Zalesky Andrew, Bruggemann Jason, Sundram Suresh, Weickert Cynthia Shannon, Weickert Thomas W, Bousman Chad A, Pantelis Christos, Van Rheenen Tamsyn E
Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
Psychol Med. 2022 Oct;52(14):3097-3115. doi: 10.1017/S0033291720005152. Epub 2021 Jan 14.
Cigarette smoking is associated with worse cognition and decreased cortical volume and thickness in healthy cohorts. Chronic cigarette smoking is prevalent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but the effects of smoking status on the brain and cognition in SSD are not clear. This study aimed to understand whether cognitive performance and brain morphology differed between smoking and non-smoking individuals with SSD compared to healthy controls.
Data were obtained from the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank. Cognitive functioning was measured in 299 controls and 455 SSD patients. Cortical volume, thickness and surface area data were analysed from T1-weighted structural scans obtained in a subset of the sample ( = 82 controls, = 201 SSD). Associations between smoking status (cigarette smoker/non-smoker), cognition and brain morphology were tested using analyses of covariance, including diagnosis as a moderator.
No smoking by diagnosis interactions were evident, and no significant differences were revealed between smokers and non-smokers across any of the variables measured, with the exception of a significantly thinner left posterior cingulate in smokers compared to non-smokers. Several main effects of smoking in the cognitive, volume and thickness analyses were initially significant but did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) correction.
Despite the general absence of significant FDR-corrected findings, trend-level effects suggest the possibility that subtle smoking-related effects exist but were not uncovered due to low statistical power. An investigation of this topic is encouraged to confirm and expand on our findings.
在健康人群中，吸烟与较差的认知能力以及皮质体积和厚度的减小有关。慢性吸烟在精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）中很普遍，但吸烟状态对SSD患者大脑和认知的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在了解与健康对照相比，吸烟和不吸烟的SSD患者在认知表现和脑形态上是否存在差异。
数据来自澳大利亚精神分裂症研究库。对299名对照者和455名SSD患者进行了认知功能测量。从样本子集（82名对照者，201名SSD患者）的T1加权结构扫描中分析皮质体积、厚度和表面积数据。使用协方差分析测试吸烟状态（吸烟者/非吸烟者）、认知和脑形态之间的关联，将诊断作为调节变量。
未发现吸烟与诊断之间的明显相互作用，在测量的任何变量中，吸烟者和非吸烟者之间均未发现显著差异，但吸烟者左后扣带回比非吸烟者明显更薄。在认知、体积和厚度分析中，吸烟的几个主要效应最初具有显著性，但在错误发现率（FDR）校正后未保留。
尽管一般没有经FDR校正的显著结果，但趋势水平效应表明可能存在与吸烟相关的细微效应，但由于统计功效较低而未被发现。鼓励对该主题进行调查，以证实并扩展我们的发现。
