Sampogna Gaia, Luciano Mario, Di Vincenzo Matteo, Andriola Ileana, D'Ambrosio Enrico, Amore Mario, Serafini Gianluca, Rossi Alessandro, Carmassi Claudia, Dell'Osso Liliana, Di Lorenzo Giorgio, Siracusano Alberto, Rossi Rodolfo, Fiorillo Andrea
Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 11;13:945650. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.945650. eCollection 2022.
Compared with the general population, people with severe mental disorders have significantly worse physical health and a higher mortality rate, which is partially due to the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, such as heavy smoking, use of alcohol or illicit drugs, unbalanced diet, and physical inactivity. These unhealthy behaviors may also play a significant role in the personal and functional recovery of patients with severe mental disorders, although this relationship has been rarely investigated in methodologically robust studies. In this paper, we aim to: a) describe the levels of physical activity and recovery style in a sample of patients with severe mental disorders; b) identify the clinical, social, and illness-related factors that predict the likelihood of patients performing physical activity. The global sample consists of 401 patients, with a main psychiatric diagnosis of bipolar disorder (43.4%, = 174), psychosis spectrum disorder (29.7%; = 119), or major depression (26.9%; = 118). 29.4% ( = 119) of patients reported performing physical activity regularly, most frequently walking (52.1%, = 62), going to the gym (21.8%, = 26), and running (10.9%, = 13). Only 15 patients (3.7%) performed at least 75 min of vigorous physical activity per week. 46.8% of patients adopted sealing over as a recovery style and 37.9% used a mixed style toward integration. Recovery style is influenced by gender ( < 0.05) and age ( < 0.05). The probability to practice regular physical activity is higher in patients with metabolic syndrome (Odds Ratio - OR: 2.1; Confidence Interval - CI 95%: 1.2-3.5; < 0.050), and significantly lower in those with higher levels of anxiety/depressive symptoms (OR: 0.877; CI 95%: 0.771-0.998; < 0.01). Globally, patients with severe mental disorders report low levels of physical activities, which are associated with poor recovery styles. Psychoeducational interventions aimed at increasing patients' motivation to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors and modifying recovery styles may improve the physical health of people with severe mental disorders thus reducing the mortality rates.
与普通人群相比，患有严重精神障碍的人的身体健康状况明显更差，死亡率更高，部分原因是他们采取了不健康的生活方式行为，如大量吸烟、饮酒或使用非法药物、饮食不均衡以及缺乏体育锻炼。这些不健康行为在严重精神障碍患者的个人和功能恢复中可能也起着重要作用，尽管这种关系在方法严谨的研究中很少被探讨。在本文中，我们旨在：a）描述一组严重精神障碍患者的身体活动水平和恢复方式；b）确定预测患者进行身体活动可能性的临床、社会和疾病相关因素。总体样本包括401名患者，主要精神疾病诊断为双相情感障碍（43.4%，n = 174）、精神病性谱系障碍（29.7%；n = 119）或重度抑郁症（26.9%；n = 118）。29.4%（n = 119）的患者报告定期进行体育活动，最常见的是步行（52.1%，n = 62）、去健身房（21.8%，n = 26）和跑步（10.9%，n = 13）。只有15名患者（3.7%）每周进行至少75分钟的剧烈体育活动。46.8%的患者采用封闭作为恢复方式，37.9%的患者采用混合方式融入。恢复方式受性别（p < 0.05）和年龄（p < 0.05）影响。代谢综合征患者进行定期体育活动的概率更高（优势比 - OR：2.1；95%置信区间 - CI：1.2 - 3.5；p < 0.050），而焦虑/抑郁症状水平较高的患者概率显著更低（OR：0.877；CI 95%：0.771 - 0.998；p < 0.01）。总体而言，严重精神障碍患者的体育活动水平较低，这与不良的恢复方式相关。旨在提高患者采取健康生活方式行为的动机并改变恢复方式的心理教育干预可能会改善严重精神障碍患者的身体健康，从而降低死亡率。
