对老年人进行至肌肉疲劳或接近肌肉疲劳的低负荷阻力训练不会促进肌肉力量、肌肉肥大和功能表现的额外提升。
Low-Load Resistance Training Performed to Muscle Failure or Near Muscle Failure Does Not Promote Additional Gains on Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Functional Performance of Older Adults.
作者信息
Bergamasco João Guilherme Almeida, da Silva Deivid Gomes, Bittencourt Diego Fernandes, de Oliveira Ramon Martins, Júnior José Carlos Bonjorno, Caruso Flávia Rossi, Godoi Daniela, Borghi-Silva Audrey, Libardi Cleiton Augusto
机构信息
Department of Physical Education, MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil.
Medicine Department, Federal University of São Carlos.
出版信息
J Strength Cond Res. 2022 May 1;36(5):1209-1215. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003632. Epub 2020 Jun 19.
Bergamasco, JGA, Gomes da Silva, D, Bittencourt, DF, Martins de Oliveira, R, Júnior, JCB, Caruso, FC, Godoi, D, Borghi-Silva, A, and Libardi, CA. Low-load resistance training performed to muscle failure or near muscle failure does not promote additional gains on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and functional performance of older adults. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1209-1215, 2022-The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of low-load resistance training (RT) protocols performed to failure (FAI), to voluntary interruption (VOL), and with a fixed low repetitions (FIX) on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and functional performance in older adults. Forty-one subjects (60-77 years) were randomized into one of the RT protocols (FAI, VOL, or FIX) and completed 12 weeks of RT at 40% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), twice a week. The assessments included 1RM test, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), rate of torque development (RTD), and functional performance (chair stand [CS], habitual gait speed [HGS], maximal gait speed [MGS], and timed up-and-go [TUG]). All protocols significantly increased 1RM values from Pre (FAI: 318.3 ± 116.3 kg; VOL: 342.9 ± 93.7 kg; FIX: 328.0 ± 107.2 kg) to Post (FAI: 393.0 ± 143.1 kg, 23.5%; VOL: 423.0 ± 114.5 kg, 23.3%; FIX: 397.8 ± 94.6 kg, 21.3%; p < 0.0001 for all groups). Regarding CS, all protocols showed significant improvements from Pre (FAI: 11.5 ± 2.4 seconds; VOL: 12.1 ± 2.5 seconds; FIX: 11.3 ± 1.1 seconds) to Post (FAI: 10.5 ± 1.1 seconds, -8.5%, p = 0.001; VOL: 10.3 ± 1.5 seconds, -15.1%, p = 0.001; FIX: 11.0 ± 1.1, -3.2%, p = 0.001). Habitual gait speed values increased significantly from Pre (FAI: 1.3 ± 0.2 m·s-1; VOL: 1.3 ± 0.1 m·s-1; FIX: 1.3 ± 0.1 m·s-1) to Post (FAI: 1.4 ± 0.2 m·s-1, 2.5%, p = 0.03; VOL: 1.4 ± 0.2 m·s-1, 5.2%, p = 0.036; FIX: 1.4 ± 0.1 m·s-1, 5.7%, p = 0.03). No significant differences between protocols were found (p > 0.05). In addition, there were no significant changes in CSA, RTD, MGS, and TUG for any protocols (p > 0.05). In conclusion, low-load RT performed without muscle failure promotes significant improvements in muscle strength and some parameters of functional performance in older adults.
贝加马斯科，JGA，戈麦斯·达席尔瓦，D，比滕库尔，DF，马丁斯·德奥利维拉，R，朱尼尔，JCB，卡鲁索，FC，戈多伊，D，博尔吉 - 席尔瓦，A，以及利巴尔迪，CA。进行至肌肉疲劳或接近肌肉疲劳的低负荷抗阻训练不会在老年人的肌肉力量、肥大和功能表现方面带来额外提升。《力量与体能研究杂志》36(5): 1209 - 1215, 2022年 - 本研究的目的是比较进行至疲劳（FAI）、自愿中断（VOL）和固定低重复次数（FIX）的低负荷抗阻训练（RT）方案对老年人肌肉力量、肥大和功能表现的影响。41名受试者（60 - 77岁）被随机分配到其中一种RT方案（FAI、VOL或FIX），并以1次最大重复量（1RM）的40%进行12周的RT训练，每周两次。评估包括1RM测试、肌肉横截面积（CSA）、扭矩发展速率（RTD）以及功能表现（椅子站立[CS]、日常步态速度[HGS]、最大步态速度[MGS]和计时起立行走[TUG]）。所有方案均使1RM值从训练前（FAI：318.3 ± 116.3千克；VOL：342.9 ± 93.7千克；FIX：328.0 ± 107.2千克）显著增加至训练后（FAI：393.0 ± 143.1千克，增加23.5%；VOL：423.0 ± 114.5千克，增加23.3%；FIX：397.8 ± 94.6千克，增加21.3%；所有组p < 0.0001）。关于CS，所有方案均显示从训练前（FAI：11.5 ± 2.4秒；VOL：12.1 ± 2.5秒；FIX：11.3 ± 1.1秒）至训练后有显著改善（FAI：10.5 ± 1.1秒， - 8.5%，p = 0.001；VOL：10.3 ± 1.5秒， - 15.1%，p = 0.001；FIX：11.0 ± 1.1秒， - 3.2%，p = 0.001）。日常步态速度值从训练前（FAI：1.3 ± 0.2米·秒⁻¹；VOL：1.3 ± 0.1米·秒⁻¹；FIX：1.3 ± 0.1米·秒⁻¹）至训练后显著增加（FAI：1.4 ± 0.2米·秒⁻¹，增加2.5%，p = 0.03；VOL：1.4 ± 0.2米·秒⁻¹，增加5.2%，p = 0.036；FIX：1.4 ± 0.1米·秒⁻¹，增加5.7%，p = 0.03）。各方案之间未发现显著差异（p > 0.05）。此外，任何方案的CSA、RTD、MGS和TUG均无显著变化（p > 0.05）。总之，未达到肌肉疲劳的低负荷RT训练能显著改善老年人的肌肉力量和一些功能表现参数。
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