Käsmann-Kellner Barbara, Seitz Berthold
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Sektion KiOLoN: Kinderophthalmologie, Orthoptik, Low Vision und Neuroophthalmologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes UKS, Kirrbergerstr. 100, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Deutschland.
Ophthalmologe. 2021 Feb;118(2):197-207. doi: 10.1007/s00347-020-01300-5.
Functional visual perception significantly contributes to the child's development and consists of much more than just visual acuity and the visual field. It includes cognitive interpretation of visual stimuli and runs along the temporal and parietal pathways of visual processing. Central visual impairment (CVI) usually affects otherwise healthy children with often good visual acuity, whereas the multiply disabled visually impaired (MDVI) have visual impairment and multiple disabilities. In MDVI patients an ocular and/or CVI can be present. The examination of MDVI patients poses a great challenge for the ophthalmologist and reflective visual test procedures should also be used. Particular attention should be paid to refraction and accommodation. The main ocular diagnosis in MDVI is optic atrophy and the general diagnoses are dominated by sequelae of premature birth, often in combination with spasticity and epilepsy. Early intervention is essential and is independent of the underlying diagnoses.
功能性视觉感知对儿童的发育有显著贡献，其内涵远不止视力和视野。它包括对视觉刺激的认知解读，并沿着视觉处理的颞叶和顶叶通路进行。中枢性视力障碍（CVI）通常影响其他方面健康、视力往往良好的儿童，而多重残疾视力障碍（MDVI）患者既有视力障碍又有多重残疾。在MDVI患者中，可能存在眼部问题和/或CVI。对MDVI患者进行检查对眼科医生来说是一项巨大挑战，也应采用反思性视觉测试程序。应特别注意屈光和调节。MDVI的主要眼部诊断是视神经萎缩，一般诊断主要是早产后遗症，常伴有痉挛和癫痫。早期干预至关重要，且与潜在诊断无关。
