MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jan 15;70(2):52-55. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7002e2.
During the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nursing homes were identified as congregate settings at high risk for outbreaks of COVID-19 (1,2). Their residents also are at higher risk than the general population for morbidity and mortality associated with infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in light of the association of severe outcomes with older age and certain underlying medical conditions (1,3). CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) launched nationwide, facility-level COVID-19 nursing home surveillance on April 26, 2020. A federal mandate issued by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), required nursing homes to commence enrollment and routine reporting of COVID-19 cases among residents and staff members by May 25, 2020. This report uses the NHSN nursing home COVID-19 data reported during May 25-November 22, 2020, to describe COVID-19 rates among nursing home residents and staff members and compares these with rates in surrounding communities by corresponding U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) region.* COVID-19 cases among nursing home residents increased during June and July 2020, reaching 11.5 cases per 1,000 resident-weeks (calculated as the total number of occupied beds on the day that weekly data were reported) (week of July 26). By mid-September, rates had declined to 6.3 per 1,000 resident-weeks (week of September 13) before increasing again, reaching 23.2 cases per 1,000 resident-weeks by late November (week of November 22). COVID-19 cases among nursing home staff members also increased during June and July (week of July 26 = 10.9 cases per 1,000 resident-weeks) before declining during August-September (week of September 13 = 6.3 per 1,000 resident-weeks); rates increased by late November (week of November 22 = 21.3 cases per 1,000 resident-weeks). Rates of COVID-19 in the surrounding communities followed similar trends. Increases in community rates might be associated with increases in nursing home COVID-19 incidence, and nursing home mitigation strategies need to include a comprehensive plan to monitor local SARS-CoV-2 transmission and minimize high-risk exposures within facilities.
在 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行初期，养老院被确定为 COVID-19 爆发的高风险聚集场所（1，2）。鉴于严重后果与年龄较大和某些潜在医疗状况有关，因此与 SARS-CoV-2 病毒（导致 COVID-19 的病毒）相关的发病率和死亡率，养老院居民比一般人群更高（1，3）。疾病预防控制中心的国家医疗保健安全网络（NHSN）于 2020 年 4 月 26 日启动了全国范围内的养老院 COVID-19 监测。医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心（CMS）发布的联邦授权要求养老院在 2020 年 5 月 25 日之前开始对居民和工作人员中的 COVID-19 病例进行登记和常规报告。本报告使用 NHSN 养老院 COVID-19 数据，这些数据是在 2020 年 5 月 25 日至 11 月 22 日期间报告的，描述了养老院居民和工作人员中的 COVID-19 发病率，并将这些发病率与相应的美国卫生与公众服务部（HHS）地区的社区发病率进行了比较。*2020 年 6 月和 7 月，养老院居民中的 COVID-19 病例数增加，达到每 1000 个居民周 11.5 例（按每周报告数据之日的总占用床位计算）（7 月 26 日那一周）。到 9 月中旬，发病率已降至每 1000 个居民周 6.3 例（9 月 13 日那一周），然后再次上升，到 11 月下旬达到每 1000 个居民周 23.2 例（11 月 22 日那一周）。养老院工作人员中的 COVID-19 病例数也在 6 月和 7 月增加（7 月 26 日那一周为每 1000 个居民周 10.9 例），然后在 8 月至 9 月期间下降（9 月 13 日那一周为每 1000 个居民周 6.3 例）；到 11 月下旬，发病率再次上升（11 月 22 日那一周为每 1000 个居民周 21.3 例）。周围社区的 COVID-19 发病率也呈现出类似的趋势。社区发病率的增加可能与养老院 COVID-19 发病率的增加有关，养老院的缓解策略需要包括一项综合计划，以监测当地 SARS-CoV-2 传播并尽量减少设施内的高风险暴露。
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