Titze-de-Almeida Ricardo, Titze-de-Almeida Simoneide Souza, Ferreira Gabriel Ginani, Brito Silva Andrezza Paula, de Paula Brandão Pedro Renato, Oertel Wolfgang H, Schenck Carlos H, Delgado Rodrigues Raimundo Nonato
Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, FAV, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Network for Translational Neuroscience, International Consortium for Academic Cooperation in Experimental and Clinical Studies Regarding Neurodegenerative Diseases, Brazil.
Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, Central Institute of Sciences, FAV, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Network for Translational Neuroscience, International Consortium for Academic Cooperation in Experimental and Clinical Studies Regarding Neurodegenerative Diseases, Brazil.
Sleep Med. 2021 Feb;78:160-168. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.012. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
The flow of gene expression or "The central dogma of molecular biology": DNA - RNA - protein, proposed by Watson & Crick sixty years ago, is a tightly controlled cell process. In the middle of this journey, the mRNA molecule is regulated by "RNA interference" (RNAi), a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism. A microRNA is an endogenous short double-stranded RNA that down-regulates hundreds of mRNAs by RNAi, maintaining healthy cell physiology. In contrast, aberrant expressions of microRNAs play a role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. The damage may start at an early period of brain degeneration, in the non-motor or "prodromal" stage, where autonomic, mood and sleep changes are often manifested. REM-sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is the prodromal manifestation with the highest odds for conversion into PD, thereby a valuable phenotype for disease prediction. The present review focuses on microRNAs' role in the pathogenesis of PD and RBD, summarizing the state-of-the-art of these RNA molecules as noninvasive biomarkers for non-motor prodromal (RBD) and early PD.
基因表达流程或“分子生物学的中心法则”：DNA→RNA→蛋白质，是六十年前由沃森和克里克提出的，这是一个受到严格控制的细胞过程。在这个过程中，信使核糖核酸（mRNA）分子受到“RNA干扰”（RNAi）的调控，RNA干扰是一种转录后基因沉默机制。微小RNA（miRNA）是一种内源性短双链RNA，它通过RNA干扰下调数百种mRNA，维持细胞生理健康。相比之下，微小RNA的异常表达在帕金森病（PD）的发病机制中起作用。这种损害可能在脑退化的早期，即非运动或“前驱”阶段就开始了，在这个阶段，自主神经、情绪和睡眠变化常常会出现。快速眼动睡眠行为障碍（RBD）是最有可能转化为帕金森病的前驱表现，因此是疾病预测的一个有价值的表型。本综述重点关注微小RNA在帕金森病和快速眼动睡眠行为障碍发病机制中的作用，总结这些RNA分子作为非运动前驱期（快速眼动睡眠行为障碍）和早期帕金森病的非侵入性生物标志物的研究现状。
