Reis J, Spencer P S, Román G C, Buguet A
Faculté de médecine, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Association RISE, 3 rue du loir, 67205 Oberhausbergen, France.
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
J Neurol Sci. 2021 Feb 15;421:117287. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117287. Epub 2020 Dec 19.
We address the impact of the tropical environment on the human nervous system using the multifaceted approach characteristic of environmental neurology. First, environmental factors are examined according to their nature (physical, chemical and biological) and in relation to human activity and behavior. Some factors are specific to the tropics (climate and infections), while others are non-specific (chemicals, human communities and their way of life). Second, we examine the major role of human adaptation to the success of Homo sapiens, with emphasis on the linkage between thermoregulation and sleep-wake regulation. Third, we examine the performance of environmental neurology as a clinical discipline in tropical climates, with focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by human African trypanosomiasis. Finally, the prevention, early detection and monitoring of environmental neurological diseases is examined, as well as links with political and economic factors. In conclusion, practitioners of environmental neurology seek a global, multidisciplinary and holistic approach to understanding, preventing and treating neurological disorders within their purview. Environmental neurology integrates an expanded One Health concept by linking health and wellness to the interaction of plants, animals, humans and the ecosystem. Recent epidemics and the current COVID-19 pandemic exemplify the need for worldwide action to protect human health and biodiversity.
我们采用环境神经学特有的多方面方法，探讨热带环境对人类神经系统的影响。首先，根据环境因素的性质（物理、化学和生物）以及与人类活动和行为的关系对其进行研究。有些因素是热带地区特有的（气候和感染），而其他因素则不具有特异性（化学物质、人类群体及其生活方式）。其次，我们研究人类适应对智人成功的重要作用，重点关注体温调节与睡眠-觉醒调节之间的联系。第三，我们考察环境神经学作为热带气候下一门临床学科的表现，重点关注人类非洲锥虫病带来的诊断和治疗挑战。最后，探讨环境神经学疾病的预防、早期检测和监测，以及与政治和经济因素的联系。总之，环境神经学从业者寻求一种全面、多学科和整体的方法，以理解、预防和治疗其范围内的神经系统疾病。环境神经学通过将健康与植物、动物、人类和生态系统的相互作用联系起来，整合了扩展的“同一健康”概念。近期的流行病和当前的新冠疫情体现了全球采取行动保护人类健康和生物多样性的必要性。
