Tantanokit Jatuporn, Sansiriphun Nantaporn, Sripichyakan Kasara, Klunklin Pimpaporn
Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
Belitung Nurs J. 2023 Aug 28;9(4):302-312. doi: 10.33546/bnj.2708. eCollection 2023.
The exposure of unborn babies to harmful substances during prenatal stages can lead to fetal anomalies, emphasizing the significance of pregnant women's practices in ensuring optimal fetal outcomes. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding this issue from the perspective of pregnant women.
This study aimed to describe the experiences of pregnant women in avoiding harmful substances to their unborn babies.
This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected between September 2020 and April 2021 through in-depth interviews with 17 pregnant women purposively selected from two hospitals in southern Thailand. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Four themes emerged from the participants' experiences: 1) understanding of harms, which included substance characteristics, exposure characteristics, body's protective mechanism, personal experiences, and obtained information; 2) practices for safety, which consisted of food safety, work safety, ambient air safety, and safety in personal/household products; 3) challenges in avoiding harmful substances, which were unrecognition, unavailability of safe substances, discomfort and inconvenience, inevitability, and family traditions; and 4) overcoming the challenges through personal changes, obtaining support, and ensuring a peaceful mind.
The findings provide valuable insights into prenatal exposure to harmful substances, which can serve as a basis for developing comprehensive guidelines for best practices. It is crucial for nurses to receive training that enables them to educate pregnant women, enhancing their awareness of important harmful substances and promoting effective methods for maintaining safety in their daily activities. Additionally, nurses can develop interventions to empower pregnant women to overcome challenges by involving significant individuals, particularly family members, in providing support and creating an optimal prenatal environment.
未出生的婴儿在产前阶段接触有害物质会导致胎儿异常，这凸显了孕妇行为对于确保最佳胎儿结局的重要性。然而，从孕妇的角度来看，对这个问题缺乏了解。
本研究旨在描述孕妇避免对未出生婴儿接触有害物质的经历。
本研究采用定性描述方法。2020年9月至2021年4月期间，通过对从泰国南部两家医院有目的地选取的17名孕妇进行深入访谈收集数据。数据逐字转录并采用主题分析法进行分析。
从参与者的经历中出现了四个主题：1）对危害的理解，包括物质特征、接触特征、身体的保护机制、个人经历和所获信息；2）安全措施，包括食品安全、工作安全、环境空气质量安全以及个人/家用产品安全；3）避免有害物质的挑战，即未被识别、安全物质不可获取、不适与不便、不可避免性以及家庭传统；4）通过个人改变、获得支持以及保持平和心态来克服挑战。
研究结果为产前接触有害物质提供了有价值的见解，可作为制定最佳实践综合指南的基础。护士接受培训以能够教育孕妇，提高她们对重要有害物质的认识并推广日常活动中保持安全的有效方法至关重要。此外，护士可以制定干预措施，通过让重要人物，特别是家庭成员参与提供支持并营造最佳产前环境，使孕妇有能力克服挑战。
