Victorino Íris Marisa Maxaieie, Voyron Samuele, Caser Matteo, Orgiazzi Alberto, Demasi Sonia, Berruti Andrea, Scariot Valentina, Bianciotto Valeria, Lumini Erica
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Jan 12;7(1):45. doi: 10.3390/jof7010045.
Soil fungi strongly influence ecosystem structure and functioning, playing a key role in many ecological services as decomposers, plant mutualists and pathogens. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish mutualistic symbiotic associations with plant roots and act as biofertilizers by enhancing plant nutrients and water uptake. Information about the AMF association with L. (saffron) and their impact on crop performances and spice quality has been increasing in recent years. Instead, there is still little data on the biodiversity of soil microbial communities associated with this crop in the Alpine environments. The aims of this study were to investigate the fungal communities of two Alpine experimental sites cultivated with saffron, and to rank the relative impact of two AMF inocula, applied to soil as single species (R = , C. Walker & A. Schüßler) or a mixture of two species (M = . and , C. Walker & A. Schüßler), on the resident fungal communities which might be influenced in their diversity and composition. We used Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 region to characterize the fungal communities associated to cultivation in two fields, located in the municipalities of Saint Christophe (SC) and Morgex (MG), (Aosta Valley, Italy), treated or not with AMF inocula and sampled for two consecutive years (Y1; Y2). Data analyses consistently indicated that Basidiomycota were particularly abundant in both sites and sampling years (Y1 and Y2). Significant differences in the distribution of fungal taxa assemblages at phylum and class levels between the two sites were also found. The main compositional differences consisted in significant abundance changes of OTUs belonging to Dothideomycetes and Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota), Agaricomycetes and Tremellomycetes (Basidiomycota), Mortierellomycetes and Mucoromycetes. Further differences concerned OTUs, of other classes, significantly represented only in the first or second year of sampling. Concerning Glomeromycota, the most represented genus was always detected in both sites and years. Other AMF genera such as and were retrieved only in MG site. Results highlighted that neither sites nor inoculation significantly impacted Alpine saffron-field fungal communities; instead, the year of sampling had the most appreciable influence on the resident communities.
土壤真菌对生态系统的结构和功能有强烈影响，作为分解者、植物共生菌和病原体在许多生态服务中发挥关键作用。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）与植物根系建立互利共生关系，并通过增强植物对养分和水分的吸收而充当生物肥料。近年来，关于AMF与藏红花的关联及其对作物表现和香料品质影响的信息不断增加。然而，在高山环境中，关于与这种作物相关的土壤微生物群落生物多样性的数据仍然很少。本研究的目的是调查两个种植藏红花的高山试验地的真菌群落，并对两种AMF接种剂作为单一物种（R = ，C. Walker & A. Schüßler）或两种物种的混合物（M = 。 和 ，C. Walker & A. Schüßler）施用于土壤时，对可能在多样性和组成上受到影响的本地真菌群落的相对影响进行排名。我们使用Illumina MiSeq对核糖体ITS2区域进行元条形码分析，以表征位于意大利奥斯塔山谷圣克里斯托夫（SC）和莫尔热克斯（MG）市的两块田地中与藏红花种植相关的真菌群落，这两块田地分别用或不用AMF接种剂处理，并连续两年（Y1；Y2）采样。数据分析一致表明，担子菌门在两个地点和采样年份（Y1和Y2）都特别丰富。在两个地点之间，还发现了真菌类群组合在门和纲水平上的分布存在显著差异。主要的组成差异在于属于座囊菌纲和散囊菌纲（子囊菌门）、伞菌纲和银耳纲（担子菌门）、被孢霉门和毛霉门的OTU丰度发生了显著变化。其他差异涉及仅在采样的第一年或第二年有显著代表性的其他纲的OTU。关于球囊菌门，在两个地点和年份始终检测到最具代表性的属。其他AMF属，如 和 ，仅在MG地点被检测到。结果强调，地点和接种都没有对高山藏红花田真菌群落产生显著影响；相反，采样年份对本地群落的影响最为明显。
