Basiru Sulaimon, Hijri Mohamed
African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco.
Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
Microorganisms. 2022 Sep 23;10(10):1897. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10101897.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculants are sustainable biological materials that can provide several benefits to plants, especially in disturbed agroecosystems and in the context of phytomanagement interventions. However, it is difficult to predict the effectiveness of AMF inoculants and their impacts on indigenous AMF communities under field conditions. In this review, we examined the literature on the possible outcomes following the introduction of AMF-based inoculants in the field, including their establishment in soil and plant roots, persistence, and effects on the indigenous AMF community. Most studies indicate that introduced AMF can persist in the target field from a few months to several years but with declining abundance (60%) or complete exclusion (30%). Further analysis shows that AMF inoculation exerts both positive and negative impacts on native AMF species, including suppression (33%), stimulation (38%), exclusion (19%), and neutral impacts (10% of examined cases). The factors influencing the ecological fates of AMF inoculants, such as the inherent properties of the inoculum, dosage and frequency of inoculation, and soil physical and biological factors, are further discussed. While it is important to monitor the success and downstream impacts of commercial inoculants in the field, the sampling method and the molecular tools employed to resolve and quantify AMF taxa need to be improved and standardized to eliminate bias towards certain AMF strains and reduce discrepancies among studies. Lastly, inoculant producers must focus on selecting strains with a higher chance of success in the field, and having little or negligible downstream impacts.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）接种剂是可持续的生物材料，可为植物带来多种益处，尤其是在受干扰的农业生态系统以及植物修复干预的背景下。然而，在田间条件下，很难预测AMF接种剂的有效性及其对本地AMF群落的影响。在本综述中，我们研究了有关在田间引入基于AMF的接种剂后可能产生的结果的文献，包括它们在土壤和植物根系中的定殖、持久性以及对本地AMF群落的影响。大多数研究表明，引入的AMF可以在目标田间持续存在数月至数年，但丰度会下降（60%）或完全被排斥（30%）。进一步分析表明，AMF接种对本地AMF物种既有正面影响也有负面影响，包括抑制（33%）、刺激（38%）、排斥（19%）和中性影响（在所研究案例中占10%）。我们还进一步讨论了影响AMF接种剂生态命运的因素，如接种剂的固有特性、接种剂量和频率以及土壤物理和生物因素。虽然监测商业接种剂在田间的成功情况及其下游影响很重要，但用于解析和量化AMF分类群的采样方法和分子工具需要改进和标准化，以消除对某些AMF菌株的偏差并减少研究之间的差异。最后，接种剂生产商必须专注于选择在田间成功几率较高且下游影响很小或可忽略不计的菌株。
